Oxidative stress, inflammation and treatment response in major depression
Open accessAbstract
Objective Increased inflammation and oxidative stress have been shown in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), although there is significant heterogeneity across studies. Whether markers of inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with antidepressant treatment response in MDD is currently unclear. The goals of the present study are to investigate markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in unmedicated MDD subjects and controls and test the relationship between these markers and antidepressant response in MDD subjects.Methods Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, C-reactive protein, F2-isoprostanes, 8-OH 2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and vitamin C were quantified in blood samples from 50 unmedicated MDD subjects and 55 healthy controls. Depression symptom severity was rated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). All subjects were somatically healthy and free from medications that could interfere with inflammation and oxidative stress markers. A subgroup of 22 MDD subjects underwent open-label selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment for eight weeks, after which blood sampling and the HDRS were repeated. Antidepressant treatment "response" was defined as ≥50% decrease in HDRS ratings over 8 weeks of treatment.Results After controlling for the effects of age, sex, body mass index and smoking, MDD subjects had significantly higher levels of IL-6 (p<0.001), TNF-α (p<0.001), 8-OHdG (p=0.018), and F2-isoprostanes (p=0.012). Compared to Responders, Non-responders to SSRI antidepressant treatment had higher levels of F2-isoprostanes at baseline (p=0.006), and after eight weeks of treatment (p=0.031). Non-responders showed a significant increase in 8-OHdG over the course of treatment (p=0.021), whereas Responders showed a significant decrease in IL-6 over the course of treatment (p=0.019).Conclusion Our results are in line with previous reports of increased levels of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in MDD. Moreover, poorer antidepressant treatment response was related to higher baseline levels of the major oxidative stress marker, F2-isoprostanes, in vivo. Further, antidepressant response was associated with changes in oxidative (8-OHdG) and inflammatory (IL-6) markers.
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People who respond to antidepressant treatment show a greater reduction in peripheral inflammation during treatment than nonresponders.
“responders to antidepressant treatment showed reduced peripheral inflammation over the course of treatment compared to nonresponders (101).”
From The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology (2019) · cites this paper as [101]
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- Authors
- Lindqvist, D., Dhabhar, F. S., James, S. J., Hough, C. M., Jain, F. A., Bersani, F. S., Reus, V. I., Verhoeven, J. E., Epel, E. S., Mahan, L., Rosser, R., Wolkowitz, O. M., & Mellon, S. H.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lindqvist, Daniel
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-02
- Volume
- 76
- Pages
- 197-205
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5272818
- OpenAlex
- W2557893886
- Cited by
- 473
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 78 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 17
- FWCI
- 9.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH083784)
- O'Shaughnessy Foundation
- Tinberg family, and grants from the UCSF Academic Senate
- UCSF Research Evaluation and Allocation Committee
- National Institutes of Health/National Center for Research Resources
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1 RR024131)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, oxidative stress, inflammation, antidepressant response, F2-isoprostanes, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, interleukin-6, TNF-α, C-reactive protein, glutathione, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, biomarkers, untreated depression, oxidative DNA damage, lipid peroxidation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, Oxidative Stress
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