Cited by 150Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorStress Responses and CortisolNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

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Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis

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Rutigliano, Grazia, Rocchetti, Matteo, Paloyelis, Yannis, Gilleen, James, Sardella, Alberto, Cappucciati, Marco, Palombini, Erika, Dell’Osso, Liliana, Caverzasi, Edgardo, Politi, Pierluigi, McGuire, Philip, Fusar-Poli, Paolo·2016·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.117

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Abstract

A large array of studies have investigated peripheral oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (ADH) as potential biomarkers of psychiatric disorders, with highly conflicting and heterogenous findings. We searched Web of KnowledgeSM and Scopus® for English original articles investigating OT and/or ADH levels in different biological fluids (plasma/serum, saliva, urine and cerebrospinal fluid) across several psychiatric disorders. Sixty-four studies were included. We conducted 19 preliminary meta-analyses addressing OT alterations in plasma/serum, saliva, urine and cerebrospinal fluid of 7 psychiatric disorders and ADH alterations in plasma/serum, saliva, urine and cerebrospinal fluid of 6 psychiatric disorders compared to controls. Hedge's g was used as effect size measure, together with heterogeneity analyses, test of publication biases and quality control. None of them (except serum OT in anorexia nervosa) revealed significant differences. There is no convincing evidence that peripheral ADH or OT might be reliable biomarkers in psychiatric disorders. However, the lack of significant results was associated with high methodological heterogeneity, low quality of the studies, small sample size, and scarce reliability of the methods used in previous studies, which need to be validated and standardized.

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TL;DR

This systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis found no convincing evidence that peripheral oxytocin or vasopressin levels are reliable biomarkers across psychiatric disorders. The only Bonferroni-corrected significant difference was lower serum oxytocin in anorexia nervosa, amid high heterogeneity and methodological limitations.

Key findings

Across 19 preliminary meta-analyses, none except serum OT in anorexia nervosa showed significant differences after correction: AN serum OT n=2, overall sample=71, Hedges’ g=−0.824, 95% CI −1.308 to −0.341, p corr=0.001.
Several uncorrected signals did not survive Bonferroni correction: CSF OT in OCD g=0.599 (p unc=0.004, p corr=ns); CSF ADH in AN g=0.922 (p unc=0.008, p corr=ns); CSF ADH in OCD g=0.601 (p unc=0.003, p corr=ns); plasma ADH in psychosis g=−0.554 (p unc=0.008, p corr=ns); salivary OT in ASD g=−0.354 (p unc=0.046, p corr=ns).
Heterogeneity was often substantial or considerable, e.g. plasma OT in ASD Q=64.613, I²=93.81, p<0.001; plasma ADH in psychosis Q=55.984, I²=82.14, p<0.001.
In psychosis plasma ADH, extraction technique mattered: extracted studies n=6, overall sample=220, Hedges’ g=−1.099, 95% CI −1.617 to −0.581, p=0.001, Q=13.626, I²=63.31, p=0.018.

Methods

Systematic search of Web of Knowledge and Scopus until March 1, 2015, plus manual reference search; English original articles with ICD/DSM psychiatric diagnosis, healthy comparison group, and peripheral OT/ADH in plasma/serum, saliva, urine, or CSF; MOOSE guidelines adopted.
Sixty-four studies were included (final database 64 samples); 19 preliminary meta-analyses were performed; diagnoses with only one study available were not meta-analyzed.
Hedges’ g effect sizes with random-effects models, Bonferroni correction (0.05 divided by number of meta-analyses), Q and I² heterogeneity, Duval and Tweedie trim-and-fill publication bias testing, sensitivity analyses, and adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality assessment.

Limitations

The paper states subgroups were very small, studies were highly heterogeneous, and confounders were common: 38% of included studies reported lithium salts, 42/62 (68%) failed to control for alcohol intake, 70% (35/50) did not ascertain pregnancy, and only 18% of OT studies and no ADH studies analyzed menstrual cycle fluctuations; meta-regressions were not possible due numerical constraints.
The paper states study quality was low: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores ranged from 1 to 7, median 4 out of 9, and meta-analytical estimates were preliminary with high uncertainty.
Evident from the text: many meta-analyses pooled only 2 studies; urine and saliva ADH meta-analyses were not performed because insufficient data were retrieved; the effect of NOS scores on findings could not be directly assessed.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.117

Cites

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Probably not a substantial claim. 23
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In the paper
“Publication biases were tested with the Duval and Tweedie”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 2.2.2. Heterogeneity, publication biases, sensitivity analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Duval and Tweedie, 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“To further assess the robustness of the results, we performed sensitivity analyses by sequentially removing each study and re-running the analysis, when at least 5 studies were included (Higgins and Green, 2011).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 2.2.2. Heterogeneity, publication biases, sensitivity analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Higgins and Green, 2011
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“To achieve high quality of reporting we adopted MOOSE guidelines (Stroup et al., 2000)”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 2.1.1. Search strategies
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Stroup et al., 2000 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“As meta-analysis of observational studies is supposed to be characterized by significant heterogeneity, random effect models were used (Cooper et al., 2009).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 2.2.2. Heterogeneity, publication biases, sensitivity analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cooper et al., 2009
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Heterogeneity among study point estimates was assessed using Q statistics (Paulson and Bazemore, 2010) and the proportion of the total variability in the effect size estimates evaluated with the I 2 index (Lipsey and Wilson, 2000).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 2.2.2. Heterogeneity, publication biases, sensitivity analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Paulson and Bazemore, 2010 source
- Not checked yetcites Lipsey and Wilson, 2000
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Both the commercially available immunoassays (RIA and EIA) have high heterogeneity and questionable validity (McCullough et al., 2013).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.1. Reliability of assays
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McCullough et al., 2013 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“During pregnancy dramatic structural and functional changes occur in the OT system of the mother's brain (Hillerer et al., 2014;Rocchetti et al., 2014).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.8. Limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Hillerer et al., 2014 source
- Not checked yetcites Rocchetti et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“a body of literature that has demonstrated a role for these neuropeptides in functions which map on to common symptoms and behavioural deficits in psychosis and schizophrenia, in particular in the social cognition domain (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2010).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.4. Psychosis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites MacDonald and MacDonald, 2010 source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“As regard OT, preclinical studies in rats found that a systemic injection of lithium leads to a significant elevation of peripheral OT levels (Cui et al., 2001;You et al., 2001).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.8. Limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cui et al., 2001 source
- Not checked yetcites You et al., 2001 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“With respect to other bodily fluids, such as saliva and urine, it has been demonstrated that the estimated levels are highly discrepant and weakly correlated to plasmatic levels (McCullough et al., 2013).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.1. Reliability of assays
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites McCullough et al., 2013 source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“EIA performed without extraction yielded to values that were two orders of magnitude greater than those in extracted samples (Szeto et al., 2011) and without correlation, due to the presence of multiple adjunctive immunoreactive products besides oxytocin (Szeto et al., 2011).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.1. Reliability of assays
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Szeto et al., 2011 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“ADH is involved in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which has been found to be overactive in BD (Cervantes et al., 2001;Daban et al., 2005) and MDD (Carroll et al., 1981;Dinan, 1994;Holsboer, 2000).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.6. BD and MDD
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Cervantes et al., 2001
- Not checked yetcites Daban et al., 2005 source
- Not checked yetcites Carroll et al., 1981 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover, high levels of oxytocinase secreted by the placenta might further contribute to the final serum/plasma OT levels (Nomura et al., 2005).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.8. Limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Nomura et al., 2005 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies investigating plasma OT and ADH levels during the menstrual cycle in different species, including humans, found that these fluctuate across the ovarian cycle (Wathes and Swann, 1982).(Spruce et al., 1985).”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.8. Limitations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Wathes and Swann, 1982
- Not checked yetcites Spruce et al., 1985 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passes
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It is evident, as others have previously suggested (Christensen et al., 2014), that the two immunoassays are poorly correlated, thus preventing the comparison of results obtained by different research groups.”
§ Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis > 4.1. Reliability of assays
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Christensen et al., 2014 source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibrated
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
It may state two separate claims as one.

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MDD plasma ADH effect estimate falls outside its confidence interval
Major
The reported Hedges' g of −0.341 is below the stated confidence interval, which runs from −0.078 to 0.759. The interval's midpoint is +0.3405, suggesting a sign error in either the estimate or the interval.
Reported -0.341 · recomputed 0.3405
ASD plasma OT analysis counts four studies but lists five
Minor
Table 1 lists five ASD plasma-OT samples: Modahl, Al-Ayadhi, Miller, Alabdali, and Taurines. Their sample sizes total the reported 404, but the analysis says n = 4.

2 of 2

1 retracted

Retracted: A meta‐analysis and theoretical critique of oxytocin and psychosis: Prospects for attachment and compassion in promoting recovery
Gumley, A. I., Braehler, C., & MacBeth, A. M. (2014) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12041 · Cited by 34 · cited 3×
“Nevertheless, a recent meta-analysis examining the effects of OT on psychotic symptoms and social cognition found weak and inconsistent evidence, mainly because of methodological limitations, similarly as the ones observed by our current analysis (Gumley et al., 2014).”
Retracted
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · cited 3×
“To further assess the robustness of the results, we performed sensitivity analyses by sequentially removing each study and re-running the analysis, when at least 5 studies were included (Higgins and Green, 2011).”
Influential
Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology<SUBTITLE>A Proposal for Reporting</SUBTITLE>
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623
Trim and Fill: A Simple Funnel‐Plot–Based Method of Testing and Adjusting for Publication Bias in Meta‐Analysis
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099 · cited 2×
“Publication biases were tested with the Duval and Tweedie “trim and fill” method (Duval and Tweedie, 2000), when at least 3 studies were included.”
Method
Untitled work
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
(2019) · doi:10.7758/9781610448864 · Cited by 4,553 · cited 1×
“As meta-analysis of observational studies is supposed to be characterized by significant heterogeneity, random effect models were used (Cooper et al., 2009).”
Method
The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation
Gimpl, G., & Fahrenholz, F. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.629 · Cited by 3,089 · cited 1×
“They are released in systemic circulation through the posterior pituitary gland, where they act as hormones regulating a range of physiological functions (Gimpl and Fahrenholz, 2001; Leng et al., 2015).”
A Specific Laboratory Test for the Diagnosis of Melancholia: Standardization, Validation, and Clinical Utility
Carroll, B. J. (1981) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780260017001 · Cited by 2,243
The Corticosteroid Receptor Hypothesis of Depression
Holsboer, F. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00159-7 · Cited by 2,181 · cited 2×
“, 2005) and MDD (Carroll et al., 1981; Dinan, 1994; Holsboer, 2000).”
Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress
Heinrichs, M., Baumgartner, T., Kirschbaum, C., & Ehlert, U. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00465-7 · Cited by 2,091 · cited 2×
“…cues (Zak et al., 2005) and has an effect on emotion recognition/theory of mind (Domes et al., 2007; Guastella et al., 2010b), fearful face processing (Evans et al., 2010), social anxiety (Heinrichs et al., 2003), paranoia (Legros et al., 1992), and trust behaviour (Baumgartner et al., 2008).”

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Items 101–150 of 150

A fit-for-purpose validation of a commercial radioimmunoassay for measurement of human peripheral oxytocin
Gerred, K., & Kapoor, A. (2024) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101666 · Cited by 4
“Further adding to the controversy, the biological relevance of peripheral OT and its relationship to central OT measures are unclear, however; this is not the focus of this paper [20].”
Background
The role of intranasal oxytocin in anxiety and depressive disorders: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Cagna, F. D., Fusar‐Poli, L., Damiani, S., & Mori, A. (2018) · doi:10.26226/morressier.5b681764b56e9b005965c55b · Cited by 4
The Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in People with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Closer Look at Adolescents
Uzar, M., Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, M., & Słopień, A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252212046 · Cited by 4
Serum Oxytocin Concentration in Patients Receiving Electroconvulsive Therapy
Barhale, C., Raju, M. S. V. K., Pawar, A. V., Kadam, K., Sousa, A. D., & Andrade, C. (2017) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000388 · Cited by 3
“This is in accordance with a recent review that suggested that peripheral oxytocin is also not a useful biomarker of psychiatric disorders.(19) Disappointing findings in the field do not encourage further study.”
Result
Peptides and primate personality: Central and peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin levels and social behavior in two baboon species (Papio hamadryas and Papio anubis)
Coppeto, D. J., Martin, J. S., Ringen, E. J., Palmieri, V., Young, L. J., & Jaeggi, A. V. (2024) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171270 · Cited by 2
“The neurohormones oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are involved in a variety of social behaviors [102] and psychiatric conditions [64,108].”
Dictatorial streaming of biomarkers in some diseases
Islam, M. T., Riaz, T. A., Ferdous, J., Rahaman, A., Guha, B., Mohagon, S., Munna, A. A. M., Akhter, A., & Parijat, E. (2016) · International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research · doi:10.21477/ijapsr.v1i3.11337 · Cited by 2
“Abbreviations: 15d-PGJ2: Prostaglandin 15-deoxy-PGJ2; 5HT: Serotonin; 5HTT: Serotonin transporter; 7AAD: 7- aminoactinomycin D; ABCA1/B1/G1: ATP binding cassette transporter A1/B1/G1; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ACTH: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone; AdA: Adrenic acid; ADAMTS-13: von Willebrand factor-cleaving pr…”
Abnormal features of human self‐domestication in bipolar disorder
Benítez‐Burraco, A., & Hansen, E. J. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15959 · Cited by 2
An overview of the use of oxytocin measures in leisure studies
Boccia, M. L., Melton, K. K., & Larson, M. (2019) · Journal of Leisure Research · doi:10.1080/00222216.2019.1687265 · Cited by 2
“Studies examining relationships between urine and saliva report conflicting results (Feldman, Gordon, Schneiderman, Weisman & Zagoory-Sharon, 2010; Rutigliano et al., 2016), but there is evidence of positive correlations between blood and both of these peripheral body fluids (Feldman et al., 2010;…”
BackgroundResult
Abnormal features of human self-domestication in bipolar disorderPreprint
Benítez‐Burraco, A., & Hansen, E. J. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.28.065581 · Cited by 2
Are single peripheral measurements of baseline oxytocin in saliva and plasma reliable biomarkers of the physiology of the oxytocin system in humans?Preprint
Martins, D., Gabay, A. S., Mehta, M. A., & Paloyelis, Y. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.07.14.202622 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
The effects of oxytocin administration on social and repetitive behaviors in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocolPreprint
Audunsdottir, K., Quintana, D. S., Westlye, L. T., Kang, H., Sartorius, A. M., Glaser, B. D., Andreassen, O. A., Nærland, T., Havdahl, A., Bøen, R., et al. (2023) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/8msku · Cited by 1
Circadian copeptin and oxytocin profiles in anorexia nervosa: Exploring the interplay with neurohypophysis opioid tone
Doua, S., Germain, N., Merabet, M., Redouté, J., Boutet, C., Schneider, F., Hammour, A., Gay, A., Massoubre, C., Estour, B., et al. (2024) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.3125 · Cited by 1
“Once again, the literature presents conflicting data on oxytocin in ED, whether measured in blood or cerebrospinal fluid (Aulinas et al., 2019; Demitrack et al., 1989; Maguire et al., 2013; Rutigliano et al., 2016), making it challenging to discern a clear trend.”
Influential
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Dastorani, M., Shahini, N., Livani, A. K. A., Jazi, M. S., & Asadi, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-26845-w · Cited by 1
“While OXT could serve as a potential marker for various mental health conditions like depression, psychosis and anxiety disorders, the existing evidence remains inconclusive 14 .”
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“It affects the uterine smooth muscles and is responsible for stimulating contractions in the uterus during labor (Grazia et al., 2016; Prevost et al., 2014), and in other reproduction-related processes such as mating and lactation (Franke et al., 2018).”
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Benavides, C., Fred-Torres, S., Rutter, S., Larsen, E. M., Fastman, J., Bulbena‐Cabré, A., Lepow, L., Mahon, K., Russo, M., Ungar, A. K., et al. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815315-4.00006-9 · Cited by 1
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Masci, I., Merlino, S., & Rutigliano, G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90305-7_18-1 · Cited by 1
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Griffiths, J. L., Mishaal, R. A., Nabetani, M., & Goldman, R. D. (2022) · Canadian Family Physician · doi:10.46747/cfp.6802106
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Halaris, A. E., Singh, J. K., Carter, C. S., Pournajafi‐Nazarloo, H., & Hage, B. (2022) · Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences · doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.975706 · Cited by 1
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Schmitt, L., Smith, E. G., Pedapati, E. V., Horn, P. S., Will, M., Lamy, M., Barber, L., Trebley, J., Meyer, K., Heiman, M. L., et al. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.11.14.22281882 · Cited by 1
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Gerred, K., & Kapoor, A. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.22.533823 · Cited by 1
“Further adding to the controversy, the biological relevance of peripheral OT and its relationship to central OT measures are unclear, however; this is not the focus of this paper 19 .”
Background
Oxytocin in Feeding and Eating Disorders, Role of
Leslie, M. R., & Treasure, J. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-104-6_202
The relationship between oxytocin pathway genes and personality traits and psychosis characteristics
Haram, M. (2017) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Oxytocin – a social neuropeptide. Is it important in the neurodevelopmental theory of depression?
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Salivary Biomarkers in Neurologic Diseases
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Authors: Rutigliano, G., Rocchetti, M., Paloyelis, Y., Gilleen, J., Sardella, A., Cappucciati, M., Palombini, E., Dell’Osso, L., Caverzasi, E., Politi, P., McGuire, P., & Fusar-Poli, P.
Affiliations: University of Pisa (IT)
King's College London (GB)
University of Pavia (IT)
ORCID: Rutigliano, Grazia
Rocchetti, Matteo
Paloyelis, Yannis
Gilleen, James
Sardella, Alberto
Cappucciati, Marco
Dell’Osso, Liliana
Politi, Pierluigi
McGuire, Philip
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-07
Volume: 241
Pages: 207-220
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.117
OpenAlex: W2346907797
Semantic Scholar: b0170825c65f1ff6ded651e1a64ce45a933e7750
Cited by: 149
References: 148
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 3
FWCI: 2.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: ESRC (ES/K009400/1)
NARSAD
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: vasopressin, biomarkers, mental illness, saliva, plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, anorexia nervosa, methodological heterogeneity, study quality
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Humans, Oxytocin, Vasopressins, Reproducibility of Results, Biomarkers

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Peripheral oxytocin and vasopressin: Biomarkers of psychiatric disorders? A comprehensive systematic review and preliminary meta-analysis

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