Cited by 455Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnoutStudent Stress and CopingCOVID-19 and Mental Health

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Prevalence of psychological stress, depression and anxiety among medical students in Egypt

Fawzy, Mohamed, Hamed, Sherifa A.·2017·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.027

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Abstract

Poor psychological health in medical students has been reported nationwide. This study estimated the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among medical students who were enrolled in a public university in Upper Egypt and determine the association of these morbidities with the students' basic socio-demographic variables. This cross-sectional study included 700 students. A self-administered, questionnaire for the socio-demographic characteristics, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire were used for assessment. High frequencies of depression (65%), anxiety (73%) and stress (59.9%) were reported. Stress scores were significantly higher than depression and anxiety (P=0.001). 55.7% were poor sleepers. In univarate analysis, females, those living in the University campus/students' residence facility, in the preclinical years and with lower academic achievement had higher scores of DASS and PSQI compared to their comparative partners. Significant correlations were reported between stress with depression, anxiety and PQSI scores (P=0.0001). In multivariate analysis, stress scores were significantly associated with female sex, depression and anxiety scores. We conclude that depression, anxiety and stress symptoms are common in medical students of Assiut University relative to other schools and female gender was significantly correlated with these findings.

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LEVELS OF CYBERCHONDRIA, HEALTH ANXIETY AND INTERNET ADDICTION IN MEDICAL FACULTY STUDENTS
Çalhan, S., & Erdogan, A. R. (2023) · Kocatepe tıp dergisi. · doi:10.18229/kocatepetip.1116054 · Cited by 3
Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its predicted factors among medical students in University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaPreprint
Alshahrani, M. S., Alharthi, M. H., Alamri, M. M. S., & Ibrahim, M. E. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-16461/v1 · Cited by 3
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATION OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS OF NEPAL
Kansakar, S., Poudel, U., Guragain, A., Paudel, P., Sharma, P., Dhungana, B., Adhikari, A., & Pokhrel, P. (2023) · Journal of Chitwan Medical College · doi:10.54530/jcmc.1418 · Cited by 2
Effects of otolaryngological diseases on sleep quality, anxiety, and depression: a multicenter observational study
Qi, C.-L., Wang, Q.-Y., Wang, M., Cai, L., Shen, M.-Q., Liu, K., Zhu, J.-L., Wang, C., Chen, Q., Wu, T., et al. (2025) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-025-06531-x · Cited by 2
“Men had lower SAS, SDS, and PSQI scores compared with women, consistent with other literature findings [28, 29].”
Prevalence and Predictors of Stress Among Medical Students in Jordan: A Multi-centric Cross-sectional Study
Arabiyat, T., Omar, Y., Aljarawen, M., Khraisat, H., Zaben, S., Al-Ayobeen, A., Al-Zoubi, R., Hiary, R., Hamamreh, R., Jaloudi, N., et al. (2025) · Medical Science Educator · doi:10.1007/s40670-025-02309-8 · Cited by 2
“These studies demonstrated a higher prevalence of stress among female medical students compared to their male counterparts [20, 22, 23]; this gender-related discrepancy may contribute to the observation that, overall, female students tend to seek counselling at a higher rate than their male…”
A Multinational Study on the Mediating Effect of TikTok Addiction Between Psychological Distress and Academic Self-Efficacy Among University Students
Ghadban, E., Zouki, C.-J. E., Shuwiekh, H. A. M., Helmy, M. S., Naser, A. Y., Jebreen, K., Khatib, S. E., Malaeb, D. N., Obeïd, S., Fawaz, M. A., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-025-01577-0 · Cited by 2
“…in countries like Lebanon, Egypt, and Jordan report particularly high levels of psychological distress (Affan et al., 2025; Alfuqaha et al., 2025; Fawzy & Hamed, 2017), driven not only by academic pressure but also by broader socioeconomic instability, high unemployment, and limited educational…”
Stress and delusions in postgraduate medical students: the mediating role of anxiety and depression and the moderating role of trait impulsivity
Zhang, Q., Wang, Z., Xiao, Y., Chen, Z., Pan, W., Liu, Y., Huang, L., Liu, C., Sun, M., & Zhu, C. (2026) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-026-07788-6 · Cited by 2
A cross-sectional study of sleep quality and its association with academic performance and psychological distress among medical students in Mansoura University, Egypt
Selim, M., Shaaban, S. F., Shoma, N. A., ElLeithi, A. A., Shahin, R. Y., & Ibrahim, I. M. A. (2026) · The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1186/s41983-026-01070-y · Cited by 4
“However, our findings are consistent with those reported in Egypt [20] and Saudi Arabia [32], aligning with meta-analyses indicating that Middle Eastern medical students experience higher rates of depression [31] .”
Influential
Revealing symptom-level vulnerabilities between academic involution and anxiety: a network analysis
Xu, S., Shao, S., Yue, N., Liu, B., Wang, Y., Liang, Z., Lin, J. A., & Wang, X. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04720-1 · Cited by 2
“These patterns are robustly associated with poorer mental health, particularly anxiety [6, 19].”
AFEKTIVNA VEZANOST U DJETINJSTVU KAO PREDIKTOR STRESA, ANKSIOZNOSTI, DEPRESIVNOSTI I ADVERZIVNIH ISKUSTAVA KOD MLADIH
Ibeljić, E., & Đurić, M. (2021) · STED JOURNAL · doi:10.7251/sted2101012i · Cited by 2
Stress, Anxiety and Mental well-being among Nursing students: A Descriptive-Correlational study
Calong, K. A. C., & Comendador, J. (2021) · Journal of Health and Caring Sciences · doi:10.37719/jhcs.2021.v3i1.oa003 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Emotion Regulation on Predicting Depressive Symptoms in Students
Darvishi, N., Khashmin, M. M., Hosseini, F., Jafari, S., Najafzade, S., Golchin, A., & Ghasemi, H. (2022) · Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences · doi:10.5812/jkums-130076 · Cited by 2
“Studies in countries with different education systems demonstrated that medical students develop psychotic diseases more than those studying non-medical fields (3).”
Background
Web survey during COVID-19 pandemic in São Paulo state: how are medical students sleeping and living?
Beltrame, K. K. W. D. S., Trindade‐Suedam, I. K., Trindade, S. H. K., & Rodrigues, M. N. M. (2022) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220066 · Cited by 2
Depression, anxiety and stress among medical students during COVID-19 pandemic
Šimleša, D., & Aukst Margetić, B. (2022) · Liječnički vjesnik · doi:10.26800/lv-144-11-12-1 · Cited by 5
Are you feeling stressed? Looking after the mental health of health students: Resources to raise self-awareness and signpost health students to sources of self help and support
Mustafa, N. M. N., Mumvuri, J., Walsh, P., Lonsdale, P., & Green, J. (2023) · Science Talks · doi:10.1016/j.sctalk.2023.100169 · Cited by 2
Prevalence of anxiety and depression in ecuadorian adolescents
Zhindón, M. D. R. R., Ricardo, R. H. A., & Mauricio, O. J. D. (2023) · Archives of Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.17352/2455-5460.000080 · Cited by 3
“[45]; Fawzy and Hamed [46]; Hamaideh [62]; Kumar and Akoijam (2017); Kumar, et al.”
Background
Relación entre conducta suicida y ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios
Arias, E. M. L., Becerra, T. C., & Parra, J. A. C. (2023) · TEMPUS PSICOLÓGICO · doi:10.30554/tempuspsi.7.1.4562.2024 · Cited by 2
“Asimismo, hay estudios que han encontrado diferencias por género, encontranndo que las mujeres presentan tasas más altas de ansiedad que los hombres (Farrer et al., 2016; Fawzy & Hamed, 2017; Wahed & Hassan, 2017).”
Background
Efektivitas Terapi Relaksasi Otot Progresif dan Terapi Musik Suara Alam Terhadap Tingkat Stres Mahasiswa Semester Akhir
Cahyani, A. R., & Tasalim, R. (2024) · Journal of Health (JoH) · doi:10.30590/joh.v11n1.719 · Cited by 2
Understanding Mental Health Needs and Predictors of Anxiety in Emirati Female Students in Higher Education
Jogia, J., Anwahi, F., Aburehaima, S., Sharif, A. H., & Kumari, V. (2024) · OBM Neurobiology · doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2402220 · Cited by 2
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN AFRICA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Pitua, I., Namiiro, A. M., Raizudheen, R., & Apili, L. (2024) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.149103.1 · Cited by 2
EVALUATION OF MENTAL DISORDERS AMONG DAY SCHOLARS AND HOSTEL MEDICAL STUDENTS - PLACE OF RESIDENCE MATTERS
Hydrie, M. Z. I., Arzoo, A., Atif, M., & Zafar, A. (2024) · Journal of Pakistan Psychiatric Society · doi:10.63050/jpps.21.02.338 · Cited by 2
ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIĞI SORUNLAR VE ÜNİVERSİTE SOSYAL HİZMETİ UYGULAMASI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Yelboğa, N. (2024) · Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.21550/sosbilder.1438768 · Cited by 2
The Role of E-Learning Crack-Up Perception and Fear of Academic Year Loss in Students’ Psychological Distress and Academic Performance
Abdelwahed, N. A. A., & Ramish, M. S. (2025) · OBM Neurobiology · doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501270 · Cited by 2
Stress and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Are They Related?
Turab, M. S., Awan, M. A., Masroor, L., Amir, K., Khan, M., & Liaquat, A. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.79037 · Cited by 2
DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS
Iorga, M., Muraru, I.-D., Munteanu, C., & Petrariu, F. D. (2019) · The Medical-Surgical Journal · Cited by 2
The associations of temperament, character, anxiety, and specialty choice among sixth-year medical students: a cross-sectional study
Akıncı, E. (2020) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.14744/dajpns.2020.00076 · Cited by 2
“In a study conducted in Egypt, the prevalence of anxiety among medical students was 73% (22).”
Background
Avaliação dos graus de ansiedade em acadêmicos de uma faculdade privada
Arruda, E. S., Bidu, N. S., Damasceno, R. S., & Rodrigues, R. L. A. (2020) · Scientia Medica · doi:10.15448/1980-6108.2020.1.35209 · Cited by 2
Anxiety and Depression among new entrants in a Medical College
Prabhakar, V., Virk, A., & Saini, P. (2020) · Indian Journal of Community Health · doi:10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i01.012 · Cited by 2
“8%) (27) and Nepal (5%) (28) whereas it was reported at 73% in Egypt (29), 51% in Bahrein (30), 70.”
Influential
Psychological impact of home confinement due to coronavirus disease on medical students and its relationship with cognitive emotion regulation
Saguem, B. N., Braham, A., Romdhane, I., & Nasr, S. B. (2021) · The Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice · doi:10.1108/jmhtep-11-2020-0085 · Cited by 2
PREVALENCE OF STRESS AMONG PHYSICAL THERAPY STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES
Ashraf, N. A., & Sahar, S. U. (2021) · Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation · doi:10.36283/pjr.zu.10.2/006 · Cited by 2
Big-Five Personality Traits, Self-Compassion and Mental Health among University Students
Jaiswal, A., Singh, Y., Srivastava, A., & Singh, S. K. (2022) · Mind and Society · doi:10.56011/mind-mri-112-20226 · Cited by 2
Stress, anxiety, and depression among students at the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse (Tunisia).
Amamou, B., Saida, I. B., Bejar, M., Messaoudi, D., Gaha, L., & Boussarsar, M. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2
Prevalence of depression among medical students in River Nile State Universities 2021
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Emotional distress symptoms and their determinants: screening of non-clinical hospital staff in an Egyptian University hospital
Ibrahim, N. M., El-Din, D. A. G., Gadallah, M. A., & Kandil, S. K. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04463-4 · Cited by 2
“Among medical students, the prevalence of DAS states ranged from ~ 60% to ~ 65% [20, 21] while among schoolteachers, anxiety was 67.”
Background
Sleep Disorder Management in Developing Countries
Safwan, J., Shrayteh, Z., Akel, M., Hajj, A., & Sacre, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-74786-2_42-1 · Cited by 2
Anxiety, Stress and Depression as the Notorious Barriers to Achieving a Massive Performance among Egyptian Construction Site Workers
Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Doghan, M. A. A., & Soomro, B. A. (2023) · OBM Neurobiology · doi:10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304197 · Cited by 2
PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN MEDICAL STUDENTS
Rancic, N. K., Kocić, B., Stević, S., Ilic, M. V., Stojanović, M., & Stojanović, M. (2019) · Acta Medica Medianae · doi:10.5633/amm.2019.0403 · Cited by 2
“Stress and depression during the medical school may predict later mental health problems in physicians (2, 3, 4) and the stress that began in medical school tends to continue throughout the years of practicing medicine.”
Background
MARMARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE STRES ve KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ ÜZERİNE KESİTSEL BİR ÇALIŞMA - EVALUATION of STRESS and PERSONALITY in MARMARA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL FACULTY STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Tokol, H., YILMAZ, M. G., Nalbantoğlu, B., BOLATBAŞ, B. K., MELEK, E. C., Özel, F., & Topuzoǧlu, A. (2019) · Eskişehir Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Halk Sağlığı Dergisi · doi:10.35232/estudamhsd.561156 · Cited by 2

Authors: Fawzy, M., & Hamed, S. A.
Affiliations: Assiut University Hospitals (EG)
Corresponding author: Hamed, Sherifa A.
ORCID: Hamed, Sherifa A.
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-09
Volume: 255
Pages: 186-194
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.027
OpenAlex: W2615784653
Cited by: 455
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 39.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Keywords: psychological stress, depression, anxiety, medical students, sleep quality, prevalence, sociodemographic factors, sex differences, academic performance, Assiut University
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Egypt, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Students, Medical, Prevalence, Young Adult

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Prevalence of psychological stress, depression and anxiety among medical students in Egypt

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