The role of emotion dysregulation: A longitudinal investigation of the interpersonal theory of suicide
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is considered to be transdiagnostic in nature, given its association with a variety of problem behaviors. Of concern, emotion dysregulation also may be associated with key components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITS), namely suicidal desire and acquired capability for suicide (ACS; heightened fearlessness toward death and pain tolerance). ITS suggests that experiencing suicidal desire in conjunction with ACS leads to greater risk for suicide attempts. The present 4-wave longitudinal study tested bidirectional associations among emotion dysregulation, NSSI, ACS, and suicidal desire. Emotion dysregulation was associated with both desire and capability for suicide over time. Specifically, emotion dysregulation was associated with (1) higher levels of suicidal desire, (2) higher levels of NSSI, which in turn predicted higher ACS, and (3) lower ACS, suggesting that individuals with emotion dysregulation may find thoughts of death and pain more aversive. Thus, there are two separate paths for how emotion regulation leads to ACS, one path in which emotion dysregulation indirectly leads to ACS through NSSI, and one path in which emotion dysregulation protects against the development of ACS (note that higher levels of ACS alone are not sufficient to lead to a suicide attempt - suicidal desire also is required).
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Officers who are not able to regulate their emotions after exposure to work stressors are prone to have suicidal ideation.
“Officers who are not able to regulate their emotions after exposure to work stressors are prone to have suicidal ideation (Heffer & Willoughby, 2018; Law et al., 2015).”
From Impact of Mindfulness Training on Spanish Police Officers’ Mental and Emotional Health: a Non-Randomized Pilot Study (2022) · cites this paper as Heffer & Willoughby, 2018
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Testing within-person correlates of daily fearlessness about death in young adults
Sherifi, E., Dixon, A., Filion, A., & Stewart, J. G. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.122002
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- Authors
- Heffer, T., & Willoughby, T.
- Affiliations
- Brock University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Heffer, Taylor
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 260
- Pages
- 379-383
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2772973584
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 5.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (435-2014-1929)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- emotional dysregulation, interpersonal theory of suicide, suicidal desire, acquired capability for suicide, non-suicidal self-injury, pain tolerance, suicide attempts, bidirectional relationship, transdiagnostic mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Pain, Risk Factors, Suicide, Suicide, Attempted, Self-Injurious Behavior, Young Adult, Suicidal Ideation
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