Increased C-reactive protein concentrations were associated with suicidal behavior in patients with depressive disorders: a meta-analysis
Abstract
Suicide is devastating with a high incidence in patients with depressive disorder (PDDs). Although some studies have explored underlying associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and suicidal behavior in PDDs, consistent results have not been reached. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to explore the differences of peripheral blood CRP concentrations between suicidal and non-suicidal PDDs, and between suicidal PDDs and healthy controls (HCs). To this end, PubMed, Embase, and Web of science were searched for eligible studies, and pooled effect sizes from eligible studies were calculated by random-effect models. Furthermore, sensitivity and meta-regression analyses were performed to explain the causes of heterogeneity. Eventually, 7 studies with 2,108 participants were included. Our statistical results suggested that the concentrations of peripheral CRP may be significantly increased for suicidal PDDs, both compared with non-suicidal PDDs and HCs, respectively. The differences of detection methods may be linked with the sources of heterogeneity. In short, our findings showed both compared with non-suicidal PDDs and HCs, peripheral blood CRP levels may be significantly increased in suicidal PDDs, while more studies with large sample sizes are needed to validate our findings.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Higher levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-8, white blood cell count, and TNF-α were found to be significantly associated with suicidal behavior or idealization in studies with MDD.
“Higher levels of CRP,32 IL-6,33 IL-8,33 white blood cell count,33,34 and TNF-α35 were found to be significantly associated with suicidal behavior or idealization in studies with MDD.”
From Association Between Mood Disorder Severity, Treatment Response and Systemic Inflammatory Markers: Exploring the Role of NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
Cites
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
Statistical power analyses using G∗Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.41.4.1149 · Cited by 37,615 · see citing works
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700 · Cited by 17,648 · see citing works
Stang, A. (2010) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z · Cited by 17,396 · see citing works
Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample
Hozo, S. P., Djulbegovic, B., & Hozo, I. (2005) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-5-13 · Cited by 9,062 · see citing works
A Meta-Analysis of Cytokines in Major Depression
Dowlati, Y., Herrmann, N., Swardfager, W., Liu, H., Sham, L., Reim, E. K., & Lanctôt, K. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.033 · Cited by 4,729 · see citing works
Role of C-Reactive Protein at Sites of Inflammation and Infection
Sproston, N. R., & Ashworth, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754 · Cited by 3,053 · see citing works
Interpretation of random effects meta-analyses
Riley, R. D., Higgins, J. P. T., & Deeks, J. J. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d549 · Cited by 2,884 · see citing works
Quantitative Synthesis in Systematic Reviews
Lau, J., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Schmid, C. H. (1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-127-9-199711010-00008 · Cited by 2,517 · see citing works
Suicide and suicidal behaviour
Turecki, G., & Brent, D. A. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00234-2 · Cited by 2,338 · see citing works
A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students
Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., & Glazebrook, C. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015 · Cited by 1,988 · see citing works
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Parker, K. J. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0024768 · Cited by 1,785 · see citing works
Hawton, K., & van Heeringen, K. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60372-x · Cited by 1,671 · see citing works
Mann, C. J. (2003) · Emergency Medicine Journal · doi:10.1136/emj.20.1.54 · Cited by 1,558 · see citing works
Risk factors for suicide in individuals with depression: a systematic review
Hawton, K., Casañas i Comabella, C., Haw, C., & Saunders, K. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.004 · Cited by 1,469 · see citing works
So depression is an inflammatory disease, but where does the inflammation come from?
Berk, M., Williams, L. J., Jacka, F. N., O’Neil, A., Pasco, J. A., Moylan, S., Allen, N. B., Stuart, A. L., Hayley, A. C., Byrne, M. L., et al. (2013) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-200 · Cited by 1,423 · see citing works
Ferrari, A. J., Somerville, A. J., Baxter, A. J., Norman, R., Patten, S. B., Vos, T., & Whiteford, H. A. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712001511 · Cited by 1,230 · see citing works
Baumeister, D., Akhtar, R., Ciufolini, S., Pariante, C. M., & Mondelli, V (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.67 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
Depression and immunity: A meta-analytic review.
Herbert, T. B., & Cohen, S. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.472 · Cited by 812 · see citing works
Rethinking IL-6 and CRP: Why they are more than inflammatory biomarkers, and why it matters
Del Giudice, M., & Gangestad, S. W. (2018) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.02.013 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Inflammation-associated depression: From serotonin to kynurenine
Dantzer, R., O’Connor, J. C., Lawson, M. A., & Kelley, K. W. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.09.012 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
The Role of Inflammation in Depression and Fatigue
Lee, C.-H., & Giuliani, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01696 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Bowden, J., Tierney, J. F., Copas, A. J., & Burdett, S. (2011) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-41 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Chen, Y.-W., & Dilsaver, S. C. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00295-2 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Self-citationHs-CRP and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk: A meta-analysis
Li, Y., Zhong, X., Cheng, G., Zhao, C., Zhang, L., Hong, Y., Wan, Q., He, R., & Wang, Z. (2017) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.02.003 · Cited by 419 · see citing works
Black, C., & Miller, B. J. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.014 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
An overview of meta-analysis for clinicians
Lee, Y. H. (2017) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2016.195 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Gibbons, R. D., Brown, C. H., Hur, K., Davis, J. M., & Mann, J. J. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2048 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Dietary Magnesium and C-reactive Protein Levels
King, D. E., Mainous, A. G., Geesey, M. E., & Woolson, R. F. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2005.10719461 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Treatment-resistant depression and suicidality
Bergfeld, I. O., Mantione, M., Figee, M., Schuurman, P. R., Lok, A., & Denys, D. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.016 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Fernandes, B. S., Steiner, J., Molendijk, M. L., Dodd, S., Nardin, P., Gonçalves, C.-A., Jacka, F., Köhler, C. A., Karmakar, C., Carvalho, A. F., et al. (2016) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30370-4 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
O'Donovan, A., Rush, G., Hoatam, G., Hughes, B. M., McCrohan, A., Kelleher, C., O'Farrelly, C., & Malone, K. M. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22087 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Dong, M., Wang, S.-B., Li, Y., Xu, D.-D., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., Chow, I. H. I., & Xiang, Y. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.043 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
C-Reactive Protein Increases BBB Permeability: Implications for Obesity and Neuroinflammation
Hsuchou, H., Kastin, A. J., Mishra, P. K., & Pan, W. (2012) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000343302 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Karlović, D., Serretti, A., Vrkić, N., Martinac, M., & Marčinko, D. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.12.007 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Effects of serum and plasma matrices on multiplex immunoassays
Rosenberg‐Hasson, Y., Hansmann, L., Liedtke, M., Herschmann, I., & Maecker, H. T. (2014) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-014-8491-6 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Ekinci, O., & Ekinci, A. (2017) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2017.1363285 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of cytokines in suicidal behavior
Ducasse, D., Olié, E., Guillaume, S., Artéro, S., & Courtet, P. (2015) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.02.004 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Towards salivary C-reactive protein as a viable biomarker of systemic inflammation
Pay, J. B., & Shaw, A. M. (2019) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.006 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Clinical application of low serum cholesterol as an indicator for suicide risk in major depression
KIM, Y. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(03)00166-6 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Baek, J. H., Kang, E., D, M. F. M., Mischoulon, D., Nierenberg, A. A., Yu, B., Lee, D., & Jeon, H. J. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.01.018 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis
Gao, Y., Zhang, K., Xi, H., Cai, A., Wu, X., Cui, J., Li, J., Qiao, Z., Wei, B., & Chen, L. (2016) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.14064 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Peng, R., Dai, W., & Li, Y. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.059 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Chang, C.-C., Tzeng, N.-S., Kao, Y.-C., Yeh, C.-B., & Chang, H.-A. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.076 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Laparoscopic hepatectomy: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and power analysis
Mizuguchi, T., Kawamoto, M., Meguro, M., Shibata, T., Nakamura, Y., Kimura, Y., Furuhata, T., Sonoda, T., & Hirata, K. (2010) · Surgery Today · doi:10.1007/s00595-010-4337-6 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Abdollahi, A., LeBouthillier, D. M., Najafi, M., Asmundson, G. J. G., Hosseinian, S., Shahidi, S., Carlbring, P., Kalhori, A., Sadeghi, H., & Jalili, M. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.012 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway: a Biomarker for Suicidal Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder
Yang, Y., Chen, J., Liu, C., Fang, L., Liu, Z., Guo, J., Cheng, K., Zhou, C., Zhan, Y., Melgiri, N. D., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep32882 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationVentorp, F., Gustafsson, A., Träskman‐Bendz, L., Westrin, Å., & Ljunggren, L. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140052 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Power dressing and meta‐analysis: incorporating power analysis into meta‐analysis
Muncer, S., Taylor, S., & Craigie, M. A. (2002) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02177.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Dysfunctional adaptive immune response in adolescents and young adults with suicide behavior
Jha, M. K., Cai, L., Minhajuddin, A., Fatt, C. C., Furman, J. L., Gadad, B. S., Mason, B. L., Greer, T. L., Hughes, J. L., Xiao, G., et al. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104487 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Possible effects of some antipsychotic drugs on C-reactive protein in a drug-naïve psychotic sample
DÍAZ, F. J., Pérez‐Iglesias, R., Mata, I. F., Martínez‐García, O., Vázquez‐Barquero, J. L., de León, J., & Crespo‐Facorro, B. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.06.002 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Blood-Borne Metabolic Factors in Obesity Exacerbate Injury-Induced Gliosis
Hsuchou, H., Kastin, A. J., & Pan, W. (2012) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-012-9734-4 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Oh, K. Y., Dam, N. T. V., Doucette, J. T., & Murrough, J. W. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718003902 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Grover, S., Nebhinani, N., Chakrabarti, S., & Avasthi, A. (2017) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2017.02.030 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Peruzzolo, T. L., Pinto, J. V., Roza, T. H., Shintani, A. O., Anzolin, A. P., Gnielka, V., Kohmann, A. M., Marin, A. S., Lorenzon, V. R., Brunoni, A. R., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01564-0 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Vasupanrajit, A., Jirakran, K., Tunvirachaisakul, C., Solmi, M., & Maes, M. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01407-4 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Miola, A., Porto, V. D., Tadmor, T., Croatto, G., Scocco, P., Manchia, M., Carvalho, A. F., Maes, M. H. J., Vieta, E., Sambataro, F., et al. (2021) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13351 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Vasupanrajit, A., Jirakran, K., Tunvirachaisakul, C., & Maes, M. H. J. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.015 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Immune-related biomarkers and suicidal behaviors: A meta-analysis
Neupane, S. P., Daray, F. M., Ballard, E. D., Galfalvy, H., Itzhaky, L., Segev, A., Shelef, A., Tene, O., Rizk, M., Mann, J. J., et al. (2023) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.05.009 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Potential Role of Curcumin for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Lopresti, A. L. (2022) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-022-00901-9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“Higher inflammation, demonstrated by elevated concentrations of CRP is also observed in suicidal patients with depression compared with non-suicidal depressed patients [93].”
ResultJohnston, J. N., Campbell, D., Caruncho, H. J., Henter, I. D., Ballard, E. D., & Zarate, C. A. (2021) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyab083 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Islam, M. R., Sohan, M., Daria, S., Masud, A. A., Ahmed, M. U., Roy, A., & Shahriar, M. (2023) · International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/03946320231198828 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Other studies showed that cytokines cross the blood-brain barrier, and some of them can transport signals to the central nervous system (CNS).21,22 Some meta-analyses determined an altered level of peripheral c-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-12, TNFα, and IL-4 in acute depression than HCs.6,11,18,19,23 A metaanalysi…”
BackgroundInfluentialPeng, B., Wang, R., Zuo, W., Liu, H., Deng, C., Jing, X., Hu, H., Zhao, W., Qin, P., Dai, L., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02843-w · Cited by 25 · see citing works
C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A Potent Inflammation Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders
Orsolini, L., Pompili, S., & Volpe, U. (2023) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Department of Psychiatry, G. U., Kucukkarapinar, M., Erbil, D., Department of Psychiatry, G. U., Keles, İ., Department of Psychiatry, G. U., Karadag, F., & Department of Psychiatry, G. U. (2024) · Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5152/pcp.2024.23760 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“30,31 Higher levels of CRP, 32 IL-6, 33 IL-8, 33 white blood cell count, 33,34 and TNF-α 35 were found to be significantly associated with suicidal behavior or idealization in studies with MDD.”
Impact of Toxoplasma gondii and Human Microbiome on Suicidal Behavior: A Systematic Review
Zerekidze, A., Li, M., Refisch, A., Shameya, J., Sobanski, T., Walter, M., & Wagner, G. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13020593 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Significantly higher levels of peripheral C-reactive protein (CRP) have been found in individuals with suicidal behavior in contrast to participants with depressive disorders as well as healthy individuals [35].”
ResultOrsolini, L., Ricci, L., Pompili, S., Cicolini, A., & Volpe, U. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.004 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Peripheral Markers of Suicidal Behavior: Current Findings and Clinical Implications
Kang, H.-J., Kim, J.-W., Kim, S.-W., Han, J.-S., Lyoo, I., & Kim, J.-M. (2023) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.22.1046 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…studies have evaluated the association be-tween central CRP levels, 2 previous meta-analyses found increased peripheral CRP levels in suicidal patients with depressive disorders [38], as well as in psychiatric patients with high SI and in those with SAs compared to non-suicidal individuals [39].”
C-reactive protein as a potential biomarker in psychiatric practice: Are we there yet?
Baysak, E., Güden, D. S., Arıcıoğlu, F., & Halaris, A. E. (2021) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2021.1961502 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Meta-analysis (Chen et al. 2020) The prevalence of low-grade inflammation (CRP >3mg/L) in depression is 27%.”
BackgroundGonda, X., Serafini, G., & Döme, P. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13071078 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“CRP levels have also been frequently implicated in association with suicidal ideation and behaviors [51–53], and a recent meta-analysis confirmed a significant association between increased CRP and any type of suicidal behavior when compared to both nonsuicidal depressed patients and healthy controls [54].”
ResultLamontagne, S. J., Ballard, E. D., & Zarate, C. A. (2022) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100450 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In particular, elevated plasma CRP levels have been identified in both stress-exposed humans (e.g., family caregivers) (Gouin et al., 2012, 2016) and rodents (e.g., chronic social stress) (Clougherty et al., 2010).”
BackgroundVasupanrajit, A., Jirakran, K., Tunvirachaisakul, C., Solmi, M., & Maes, M. H. J. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202109.0159.v1 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Grendas, L. N., Silva, E. A. C., Casiani, R. I. Á., Olaviaga, A., Robetto, J., Arena, Á. R., Tifner, V., Chiapella, L. C., Fisichella, M., Penna, M. B., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health · doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100777 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“These studies mainly focused only on the humoral component and showed increased peripheral C-reactive protein (Miola et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2020) and IL-6 levels (Gonz ´ alez-Castro et al., 2021) and decreased IL-1 β levels (Ganança et al., 2021).”
BackgroundZhou, J.-C., Cao, Y. W., Xu, X.-Y., & Xian, Z. (2024) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v14.i3.388 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Furthermore, according to previous studies, elevated serum hs-CRP levels can oversecrete inflammatory cytokines, causing dysfunction of the 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline systems, thereby inducing depressive symptoms[22].”
How else can inflammation kill you?
Zalsman, G. (2022) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.11.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dessoki, H. H., Soltan, M. R., Ragheb, A. S., & Dawoud, M. E. (2024) · Middle East Current Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s43045-024-00453-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“This is in line with research by Chen et al. [12], which found that CRP levels were greater in patients with suicidal depression than in non-suicidal depression patients or healthy controls.”
ResultHigh hs-CRP levels after an attempted suicide: A matched case-control study
Toffol, E., Miola, A., Magnolfi, G., Trevisan, G., & Scocco, P. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100381 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Morena, D., Turillazzi, E., & Fineschi, V. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2910346 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“[3] found that peripheral CRP concentrations were significantly higher in patients with depressive disorders and suicidal behavior (SB) compared to non-suicidal patients and HCs. Miola et al .”
Dharma, E. M., Prabowo, H., Trisetyarso, A., & Wiguna, T. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3580539 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…conducted between 2015 and 2021 on biomarkers associated with suicide risk identified several promising biomarkers [28], including SAT1 [29], serotonergic sys-tem [30], hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation [31], inflammatory markers [32], lipids [33], and endocannabinoids [34].”
Moshfeghinia, R., Ghahramani, M., Naderian, R., Mostafavi, S., Arman, A., Mohagheghzadeh, H., Haghighifard, E., Tahmasebi, S., Kanannejad, Z., Javanbakht, A., et al. (2025) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-025-00609-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Furthermore, a meta-analysis conducted by Chen et al. corroborated that the peripheral concentrations of CRP are markedly increased in suicidal patients with depressive disorder, both in comparison to non-suicidal counterparts with depressive disorder and healthy controls [45].”
IL-17A in the hippocampus regulates despair-like behaviors via inhibitory synaptic transmission
Wang, Y., Yu, H., He, Y., Cai, J.-C., Tian, Y., Chen, X., Wu, Q.-Y., Yuan, T., Xie, A., Guo, Y., et al. (2026) · Acta Pharmacologica Sinica · doi:10.1038/s41401-026-01761-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Our prior studies have further substantiated in fl ammation as a signi fi cant contributor to the pathogenesis of depression [11 – 14].”
Self-citationAssociation between Severity of Depression and CRP Level: A Cross-sectional Study
Keisham, J., Sanapala, V., Vasireddy, N., Tata, R. S., Nukala, S., Singisetti, S., & Garapati, A. (2024) · Indian Journal of Private Psychiatry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10067-0167 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Emokpae, M. A., Osifo, J. O., Emokpae, L. A., ERHUNMWUNSE, R. U., & Ayomide, I. B. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science · doi:10.4236/jbbs.2024.1412020 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
BLOOD DERIVED INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN COMPLETED SUICIDE: RESULTS FROM A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Deisenhammer, E., Kammerer, K. L., Blasko, I., & Kemmler, G. (2024) · Psychiatria Danubina · doi:10.24869/psyd.2024.386 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Marika, O., Marazzi, F., Morandi, C., Gastaldi, M., Borgatti, R., & Mensi, M. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2026.1721827 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Vasupanrajit, A., Jirakran, K., Tunvirachaisakul, C., & Maes, M. H. J. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0479.v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Association Between Obesity and Recent and Ever Suicide Attempt Among Adults in the United StatesPreprint
Iwatate, E., Atem, F., Jones, E. C., Hughes, J. L., Yokoo, T., & Messiah, S. E. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1942483/v1
Sabitay, I. K., Ballı, M., Balcioglu, S. S. K., & Eser, H. Y. (2026) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106959
- Authors
- Chen, X., Pu, J., Liu, Y., Tian, L., Chen, Y., Gui, S., Xu, S., Song, X., & Xie, P.
- Affiliations
- The Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xie, Peng
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 292
- Pages
- 113320
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3045013560
- Cited by
- 34
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- C-reactive protein, suicidal behavior, depressive disorders, suicide risk, inflammation, peripheral blood biomarkers, depression
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, C-Reactive Protein, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Suicide, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Suicidal Ideation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
