Suicide and suicidal behaviour
Open accessAbstract
Suicide is a complex public health problem of global importance. Suicidal behaviour differs between sexes, age groups, geographic regions, and sociopolitical settings, and variably associates with different risk factors, suggesting aetiological heterogeneity. Although there is no effective algorithm to predict suicide in clinical practice, improved recognition and understanding of clinical, psychological, sociological, and biological factors might help the detection of high-risk individuals and assist in treatment selection. Psychotherapeutic, pharmacological, or neuromodulatory treatments of mental disorders can often prevent suicidal behaviour; additionally, regular follow-up of people who attempt suicide by mental health services is key to prevent future suicidal behaviour.
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Clinical factors that may influence the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt include anxiety disorders, impulse-control disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, previous self-harm, exposure to suicidal behaviour in others, and alcohol and drug abuse or dependence.
“some clinical factors that may influence the transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt include anxiety disorders, impulse-control disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, previous self-harm, exposure to suicidal behaviour in others, and alcohol and drug abuse or dependence 6,7,88 .”
From Suicide and suicide risk (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
The Individual risk factors for suicide section (page unavailable) links post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, poor impulse control, substance abuse, and past attempts to suicidal behaviour; it also identifies eating disorders among people who die by suicide. The Population-level risk factors section discusses effects of media coverage of suicide. The paper does not establish that every listed factor specifically influences the transition from ideation to an attempt: its evidence for eating disorders and exposure to others’ suicidal behaviour concerns different outcomes or settings. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDistal factors appear to be indirectly linked to suicide risk via intermediate phenotypes, like personality traits, negative affect, impulsive-aggression, or cognitive deficits.
“Critically, distal factors appear to be indirectly linked to suicide risk via intermediate phenotypes, like personality traits, negative affect, impulsive-aggression, or cognitive deficits (Turecki et al., 2014, 2016, 2019).”
From Toward objective characterizations of suicide risk: A narrative review of laboratory-based cognitive and behavioral tasks (2023) · cites this paper as Turecki et al., 2016
Impulsivity's relationship with suicidal behaviour is evident.
“its relationship with suicidal behaviour is evident [2,62]”
From The integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behaviour (2018) · cites this paper as [2]
The biopsychosocial model for suicide describes the interactions of genetic, experiential, psychological, clinical, sociological and environmental factors in the development of suicide risk.
“One such example is the biopsychosocial model for suicide (Figure 4) 6,29,30 , which describes the interactions of genetic, experiential, psychological, clinical, sociological and environmental factors in the development of suicide risk.”
From Suicide and suicide risk (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Guidelines define irremediability exclusively in terms of treatment options for the underlying psychiatric condition.
“In fact, they define the criterion exclusively in terms of treatment options for the underlying psychiatric condition.(12, 33)”
From Psychiatric euthanasia, suicide and the role of gender (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
The Case management and outreach and Somatic treatment options for SB sections discuss treatments for suicidal behaviour, but neither defines irremediability or describes guidelines for assessing it (page numbers unavailable). Searches for irremediability and psychiatric treatment options found no passage addressing the claimed criterion. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Current guidelines are silent on whether suicidal ideation and behavior should play a role in defining irremediability, potentially exacerbating the risk of error.
“Currently, guidelines are silent on whether suicidal ideation and behavior should play a role in how “irremediability” is defined, potentially exacerbating the risk for error.”
From Psychiatric euthanasia, suicide and the role of gender (2022) · cites this paper as [12]
The Definitions and assessment section discusses terminology for suicidal behaviour, and the Case management and outreach section discusses suicide-risk assessment (page numbers unavailable). Neither addresses whether guidelines include suicidal ideation or behaviour in defining irremediability, or whether silence on that question increases the risk of error. Searches for “irremediability” and the claimed guideline language found no relevant passage. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese age ranges coincide with increased prevalence of suicidal behaviour (though not suicide death) in younger and older adults compared to other age groups.
“These age ranges coincide with increased prevalence of suicidal behaviour (though not suicide death) in younger and older adults compared to other age groups”
From Loneliness as a predictor of suicidal ideation and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies (2020) · cites this paper as Turecki and Brent, 2016
Risk genes for suicidal behavior have not been identified.
“Despite the apparent heritability of suicidal behavior, risk genes have not been identified.39”
From Suicide (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
Twin studies estimate that genetic contribution to the risk of suicidal behavior ranges from 30 to 50%.
“Twin studies have yielded estimates of the genetic contribution to the risk of suicidal behavior that range from 30 to 50%.39”
From Suicide (2020) · cites this paper as [39]
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Self-citationInternational Handbook of Suicide Prevention
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Self-citationThe US Air Force Suicide Prevention Program: Implications for Public Health Policy
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Developmental model of suicide trajectories
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Self-citationPersonality disorder 1 Classifi cation, assessment, prevalence, and eff ect of personality disorder
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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“Although there is some debate about how best to operationalize impulsivity, and the extent to which impulsivity is associated with the individual versus the act, its relationship with suicidal behaviour is evident [2,62].”
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“…& Cacioppo, 2014; Hawkley & Cacioppo, 2010; HoltLunstad, Smith, Baker, Harris, & Stephenson, 2015; Holt-Lunstad, Smith, & Layton, 2010), including increased rates of suicide ideation, attempts, and fatalities across the life span (Fässberg et al., 2012; Trout, 1980; Turecki & Brent, 2016).”
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The Lancet Psychiatry Commission on psychological treatments research in tomorrow's science
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Suicide and Youth: Risk Factors
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“It is important to note that not all men who commit suicide have a mental health issue due to a variety of psychological, social, and physical risk factors (Turecki & Brent, 2016).”
BackgroundSuicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder: A Brief Review
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“…to acute stress that may help explain the proximal processes occurring in the moments between adolescents’ exposure to stress and their experience of suicidal ideation and behavior (see also Cha et al. 2018; Chang et al. 2016; Lutz et al. 2017; Pan et al. 2011, 2016; Turecki & Brent 2016).”
BackgroundSuicidality in Borderline Personality Disorder
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- Authors
- Turecki, G., & Brent, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Turecki, Gustavo
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 387
- Issue
- 10024
- Pages
- 1227-1239
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC5319859
- OpenAlex
- W1721687418
- Cited by
- 2,338
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 205 · 2025: 222 · 2024: 222 · 2023: 206 · 2022: 341 · 2021: 261 · 2020: 352 · 2019: 167 · 2018: 213 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 16.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institute of Health Research (MOP93775, MOP11260, MOP119429, and MOP119430)
- US National Institutes of Health (1R01DA033684)
- US National Institutes of Mental Health (MH056612, MH100451, and MH104311)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- suicide, suicidal behavior, suicide risk factors, suicide prevention, suicide attempts, mental illness, psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, high-risk individuals
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Brain, Humans, Models, Psychological, Psychotherapy, Risk Factors, Suicide, Case Management, Suicidal Ideation
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