Anger temperament is modestly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The atheroslcerosis risk in communities study
Abstract
Objective Trait anger has been shown to predict coronary heart disease; however, there are no prior studies evaluating anger as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine if anger proneness predicted type 2 diabetes using prospective analyses. Methods We analyzed data on trait anger, assessed by questionnaire, in a longitudinal, bi-racial cohort study of 11,615 initially non-diabetic adults aged 48-67, who were subsequently followed for 6 years for the development of type 2 diabetes. Results There was no relation between overall trait anger and the subsequent risk of diabetes; however, individuals in the highest tertile of trait anger temperament scores had a 34% increased risk of developing diabetes compared to those in the lowest tertile (Relative hazard [RH] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 1.62), following adjustment for age, race, gender, and education. The relation between anger temperament and diabetes remained significant following adjustment for behavioral factors (smoking, physical activity, and caloric intake) (RH = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.60) but was non-significant after additional adjustment for waist-to-hip ratio and body-mass index (RH = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.44). Conclusions While we found no relation between overall trait anger and incident diabetes, persons who had higher anger temperament subscale scores had a slightly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which was largely explained by adiposity. Anger temperament may deserve further attention as a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study of 11,615 participants, trait anger was associated with an increased risk of future T2DM independent of covariates.
“In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study of 11,615 participants, trait anger was associated with an increased risk of future T2DM independent of covariates 86”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as [86]
In the ARIC cohort (n=11,615; 6-year mean follow-up), anger using the Spielberger trait anger scale (ten item) was associated with incident diabetes mellitus (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.62).
“ARIC cohort ( n = 11,615; 6 year mean follow-up) | Anger using the Spielberger trait anger scale (ten item) | *HR 1.34 (95% CI 1.10- 1.62).”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as Golden (2006) 80
Cites
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1972) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x · Cited by 39,793 · see citing works
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1992) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4380-9_37 · Cited by 26,297 · see citing works
Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
WILLETT, W. C., SAMPSON, L., STAMPFER, M. J., ROSNER, B., BAIN, C., WITSCHI, J., HENNEKENS, C. H., & SPEIZER, F. E. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086 · Cited by 4,274 · see citing works
A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies
Baecke, J. A. H., BUREMA, J., & Frijters, J. E. R. (1982) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/36.5.936 · Cited by 3,950 · see citing works
THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNIT (ARIC) STUDY: DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES
THE ARIC INVESTIGATORS (1989) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115184 · Cited by 3,491 · see citing works
(1989) · PubMed · Cited by 3,139 · see citing works
Hemingway, H., & Marmot, M. G. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7196.1460 · Cited by 1,342 · see citing works
Assessment of Anger: The State-Trait Anger Scale
Butcher, J. N., Spielberger, C. D., & Spielberger, C. D. (2013) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · doi:10.4324/9781315825656-12 · Cited by 1,245 · see citing works
Advances in Personality Assessment
(2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315827612 · Cited by 1,243 · see citing works
Is Type II diabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system?
Pickup, J. C., & Crook, M. A. (1998) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250051058 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and the Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Pankow, J. S., Ballantyne, C. M., Couper, D., Vigo, A., Hoogeveen, R., Folsom, A. R., & Heiss, G. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.7.1799 · Cited by 1,036 · see citing works
Triggering of Acute Myocardial Infarction Onset by Episodes of Anger
Mittleman, M. A., Maclure, M., Sherwood, J. B., Mulry, R. P., Tofler, G. H., Jacobs, S. C., Friedman, R. B., Benson, H., & Muller, J. E. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1720 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
Black, P. H. (2003) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/s0889-1591(03)00048-5 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Chambless, L. E. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/155.1.38 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Anger Proneness Predicts Coronary Heart Disease Risk
Williams, J. E., Paton, C. C., Siegler, I. C., Eigenbrodt, M. L., Nieto, F. J., & Tyroler, H. A. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.17.2034 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological distress as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the Whitehall II Study
Stansfeld, S. A., Fuhrer, R., Shipley, M. J., & Marmot, M. G. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.1.248 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Hostility during Late Adolescence Predicts Coronary Risk Factors at Mid-Life
Siegler, I. C., Peterson, B. L., Barfoot, J. C., & Williams, R. B. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116481 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Association of Hostility With Coronary Artery Calcification in Young Adults
Iribarren, C., Sidney, S., Bild, D. E., Liu, K., Markovitz, J. H., Roseman, J. M., & Matthews, K. A. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.19.2546 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Hostility and Health Behaviors in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study
Scherwitz, L. W., Perkins, L. L., Chesrtey, M. A., Hughes, G. H., Sidney, S. S., & Manolio, T. A. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116480 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Wing, R. R., Matthews, K. A., Kuller, L. H., Meilahn, E. N., & Plantinga, P. (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.11.5.1250 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity after Adrenalectomy in Patients with Pheochromocytoma
Wiesner, T., Blüher, M., Windgassen, М., & Paschke, R. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030000 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Matthews, K. A., Gump, B. B., Harris, K. F., Haney, T. L., & Barefoot, J. C. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000105766.33142.13 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
RWing, R., AMatthews, K., HKuller, L., NMeilahn, E., & PPlantinga (1991) · Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis A Journal of Vascular Biology · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Williams, J. E. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.3.230 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationAnthropometric and psychosocial determinants of visceral obesity in healthy postmenopausal women
Räikkönen, K., Matthews, K., & Kuller, L. H. (1999) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0800917 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Hostility: Relationship to Lifestyle Behaviors and Physical Risk Factors
Musante, L., Treiber, F. A., Davis, H., Strong, W. B., & Lévy, M. (1992) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.1992.10544237 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Anger, hostility, and vesceral adipose tissue in healthy postmenopausal women
Räikkönen, K., Matthews, K. A., Kuller, L. H., Reiber, C., & Bunker, C. H. (1999) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90129-4 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Relationship between Hostility and Behavioral Risk Factors for Poor Health in Women Veterans
Calhoun, P. S., Bosworth, H. B., Siegler, I. C., & Bastian, L. A. (2001) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1006/pmed.2001.0921 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Koh, K. B., Choe, K. O., & An, S. K. (2003) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2003.44.5.793 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Anger in Young Men and Subsequent Premature Cardiovascular Disease
Chang, P. P., Ford, D. E., Meoni, L. A., Wang, N., & Klag, M. J. (2002) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.162.8.901
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The cardiovascular toll of stress
Brotman, D. J., Golden, S. H., & Wittstein, I. S. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61305-1 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Self-citationType 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor
Hackett, R. A., & Steptoe, A. (2017) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2017.64 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Stress and Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of How Stress Contributes to the Development of Type 2 Diabetes
Kelly, S. J., & Ismail, M. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122921 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Psychosocial Factors in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk
Hackett, R. A., & Steptoe, A. (2016) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-016-0771-4 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
The Psychological Impact of Living With Diabetes Women's Day-to-Day Experiences
Penckofer, S. M., Ferrans, C. E., Velsor‐Friedrich, B., & Savoy, S. M. (2007) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721707304079 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Unhealthy aggression: Intermittent explosive disorder and adverse physical health outcomes.
McCloskey, M. S., Kleabir, K., Berman, M. E., Chen, E. Y., & Coccaro, E. F. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019072 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Stress resilience and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes in 1.5 million young men
Crump, C., Sundquist, J., Winkleby, M. A., & Sundquist, K. (2016) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3846-7 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Mommersteeg, P. M., Herr, R., Zijlstra, W. P., Schneider, S., & Pouwer, F. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-1109 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Sims, M., Glover, L. M., Gebreab, S. Y., & Spruill, T. M. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08573-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Anger and health risk behaviors.
Staicu, M.-L., & Cuţov, M. (2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Prospective Contribution of Hostility Characteristics to High Fasting Glucose Levels
Shen, B., Countryman, A. J., Spiro, A., & NIAURA, R. S. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1945 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Abraham, S., Shah, N. G., Roux, A. D., Hill-Briggs, F., Seeman, T., Szklo, M., Schreiner, P. J., & Golden, S. H. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.06.007 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationHow does anger coping style affect glycemic control in diabetes patients?
Yi, J. P., Yi, J. C., VITALIANO, P. P., & Weinger, K. (2008) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/10705500802219481 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Effects of Anger Rumination on Different Scenarios of Anger: An Experimental Investigation
Offredi, A., Caselli, G., Manfredi, C., Ruggiero, G. M., Sassaroli, S., Liuzzo, P., & Rovetto, F. M. (2016) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5406/amerjpsyc.129.4.0381 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Changes Induced by Mind–Body Intervention Including Epigenetic Marks and Its Effects on Diabetes
Yang, H., Koh, E., Sung, M.-K., & Kang, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22031317 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hostility and Physiological Responses to Acute Stress in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Hackett, R. A., Lazzarino, A. I., Carvalho, L. A., Hamer, M., & Steptoe, A. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000172 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Golden, S. H., Malhotra, S., Wand, G. S., Brancati, F. L., Ford, D. E., & Horton, K. M. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2674 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationMathematical modeling the neuroregulation of blood pressure using a cognitive top-down approach
Ewing, G. W. (2010) · North American Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4297/najms.2010.2341 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Personality traits and abnormal glucose regulation in middle-aged Swedish men and women
Eriksson, A.-K., Gustavsson, P. J., Hilding, A., Granath, F. N., Ekbom, A., & Östenson, C. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.10.003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Yamamoto, T., Sakurai, K., Watanabe, M., Sakuma, I., Kanahara, N., Shiina, A., Hasegawa, T., Watanabe, H., Iyo, M., & Ishibashi, R. (2021) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-021-01121-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Personality traits and diabetes incidence among postmenopausal women
Luo, J., Manson, J. E., Weitlauf, J. C., Shadyab, A. H., Rapp, S. R., García, L., Jonasson, J. M., Tindle, H. A., Nassir, R., Wactawski‐Wende, J., et al. (2019) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001296 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Şenormancı, Ö., Konkan, R., Güçlü, O., & Şenormancı, G. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Anger, adiposity, and glucose control in nondiabetic adults: findings from MIDUS II
Tsenkova, V. K., Carr, D., Coe, C. L., & Ryff, C. D. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-012-9460-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Keskin, G., Gümüş, A. B., & Engin, E. (2011) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.5350/dajpn2011240305 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Examining the relation between PTSD and insomnia on aggression
Ellison, J. M., Colvonen, P. J., Haller, M. M., Norman, S. B., & Angkaw, A. C. (2019) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2019.1598220 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Peleg, O., Hadar, E., & Cohen, A. (2019) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721719888625 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Association between extraversion personality and abnormal glucose regulation in young Korean women
Shim, U., Oh, J. Y., Lee, H., Sung, Y., Kim, H., & Kim, H. (2013) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-013-0529-z · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Courtney, J. B., West, A. B., Russell, M. A., Almeida, D. M., & Conroy, D. E. (2023) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaad065 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nübel, J., Du, Y., Baumert, J. J., Hapke, U., Färber, F., Heidemann, C., & Scheidt‐Nave, C. (2023) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001183 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Do health behaviors mediate associations between personality traits and diabetes incidence?
Luo, J., Chen, X., Tindle, H. A., Shadyab, A. H., Saquib, N., Hale, L. E., García, L., Springfield, S., Liu, B., Nassir, R., et al. (2020) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.007 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Linking Prameha etiology with diabetes mellitus: Inferences from a matched case–control study
Rastogi, S., Pandey, N., & Sachdev, K. (2018) · AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) · doi:10.4103/ayu.ayu_106_18 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Deschênes, S. S., Mohseni, M., Lindekilde, N., Forget, G., Burns, R. J., Pouwer, F., & Schmitz, N. (2022) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399818666220329185229 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Heianza, Y., Arase, Y., Kodama, S., Tsuji, H., Fujihara, K., Saito, K., Hara, S., & Sone, H. (2014) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12274 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
See, Y. N., Khor, P. F., Koh, H. Y., Leung, P., Casado, R. D. P., & Orgeta, V. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-220040 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Anger Traits Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in the Metabolic Syndrome
Lemche, A. V., Чабан, О., & Lemche, E. (2015) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000264 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Taylor, A. W., Price, K., & Fullerton, S. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-120 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
O’Riordan, A., & Costello, A. M. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114709 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Afable, A., Rybarczyk, G., Rivera, B. D., & Landsbergis, P. A. (2026) · Cities & Health · doi:10.1080/23748834.2025.2604406 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Development of a Holistic Health Economic Evaluation Tool Leveraging Patient Self-Report
Prior, F., & Dawson, T. (2016) · International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE) · doi:10.1109/dese.2016.12 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dong, S., Yu, K., Tang, S.-H., Guo, J., Guo, Y., & Yang, T. (2022) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2022.12.16.22283558 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Anger and aggression research: A bibliometric analysis from 2012 to 2022
Sun, X., Yu, X., & Li, K. (2023) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000035132 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development of type 2 diabetes risk assessment model for Turkish society
Çelikkanat, Ş., Güngörmüş, Z., & Akay, Ö. (2023) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-023-01315-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Ward, R., Forget, G., Lindekilde, N., Deschênes, S. S., Pouwer, F., Schmitz, N., Schram, M. T., & Burns, R. J. (2024) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001344 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Psychiatry and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Rabie, M. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/22212 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hostility and prevalent diabetes among black adults: The Jackson Heart Study
Apenyo, T., Taveira, T. H., & Wu, W. (2023) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2023.01.012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hackett, R. A. (2016) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pyykkönen, A.-J. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Eriksson, A.-K. (2012) · Figshare
STUDIES ON TYPE 2 DIABETES: ASSESSMENT OF DIABETES RISK FACTORS AND STUDY PARTICIPATION
Eriksson, A.-K. (2012)
(2007) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e3280d5f7e9
The Cognitive and Sociological Sciences Behind Anger
Mukerjee, N., Maitra, S., Alexiou, A. T., Rahman, M. H., Akter, R., Simou, P., Dutta, D., & Ghosh, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-16605-1_6
Law, C. A., Elser, H. C., Walter, A. E., Mosley, T. H., Walker, K. A., Gottesman, R. F., & Schneider, A. L. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1546443
Ukichi, R., Takahashi, Y., Ibukuro, M., Sugimura, Y., Matoba, K., Nishimura, R., & Kato, F. (2026) · Journal of Physiological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jphyss.2026.100058
Duygular, Duygu Düzenleme ve Sağlık Arasındaki İlişkilerin Gözden Geçirilmesi
Vatan, S., & Giray, Z. S. (2026) · Current Research and Reviews in Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.65127/crrpp.1825243
- Authors
- Golden, S. H., Williams, J. E., Ford, D. E., Yeh, H.-C., Sanford, C. P., Nieto, F. J., & Brancati, F. L.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- NC Department of Health and Human Services (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Golden, Sherita Hill
- ORCID
- Golden, Sherita Hill
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 325-332
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134141628
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc55021-47-0-1, n01hc55020-39-0-0, n01hc55016-37-0-0, n01hc055022-024, n01hc55019-35-0-1, n01hc55018-38-0-1, n01hc55015-48-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC55022, N01-HC-55018, N01 HC 55020, N01 HC 55019, N01-HC55016, N01‐HC‐55015, N01-HC55021)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (IK24-DK6222-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, diabetes risk factors, trait anger, adiposity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, psychosocial risk factors, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, middle-aged adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anger, Anthropometry, Blood Chemical Analysis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, United States, Cohort Studies, Atherosclerosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
