Cited by 582Stress Responses and CortisolResilience and Mental HealthChild Abuse and Trauma

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 204 of the 204 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience: Toward understanding adaptation to early-life adversity outcome

Open access
Daskalakis, Nikolaos P., Bagot, Rosemary C., Parker, Karen J., Vinkers, Christiaan H., de Kloet, E.R.·2013·Psychoneuroendocrinology

Abstract

Stressful experiences during early-life can modulate the genetic programming of specific brain circuits underlying emotional and cognitive aspects of behavioral adaptation to stressful experiences later in life. Although this programming effect exerted by experience-related factors is an important determinant of mental health, its outcome depends on cognitive inputs and hence the valence an individual assigns to a given environmental context. From this perspective we will highlight, with studies in rodents, non-human primates and humans, the three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience to stress-related mental disorders, which is based on gene-environment interactions during critical phases of perinatal and juvenile brain development. The three-hit (i.e., hit-1: genetic predisposition, hit-2: early-life environment, and hit-3: later-life environment) concept accommodates the cumulative stress hypothesis stating that in a given context vulnerability is enhanced when failure to cope with adversity accumulates. Alternatively, the concept also points to the individual’s predictive adaptive capacity, which underlies the stress inoculation and match/mismatch hypotheses. The latter hypotheses propose that the experience of relatively mild early-life adversity prepares for the future and promotes resilience to similar challenges in later-life; when a mismatch occurs between early and later-life experience, coping is compromised and vulnerability is enhanced. The three-hit concept is fundamental for understanding how individuals can either be prepared for coping with life to come and remain resilient or are unable to do so and succumb to a stress-related mental disorder, under seemingly identical circumstances.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.008

Cites

204 of 204 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 202 references

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 582

Metadata

Authors
Daskalakis, N. P., Bagot, R. C., Parker, K. J., Vinkers, C. H., & de Kloet, E. R.
Affiliations
  • Leiden University (NL)
  • Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
  • Stanford Medicine (US)
  • Utrecht University (NL)
Corresponding author
Daskalakis, Nikolaos P.
Venue
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-09
Volume
38
Issue
9
Pages
1858-1873
ISSN
0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2150581383
Cited by
579
References
202
Citations by year
2026: 34 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 4
FWCI
14.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Dutch Top-Institute Pharma T5-209
  • NIH-R01HD67175
  • Royal Netherlands Academy for Sciences
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords
vulnerability and resilience, childhood adversity, stress-related disorders, gene-environment interaction, match-mismatch hypothesis, coping
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Animals, Avoidance Learning, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Maternal Behavior, Maternal Deprivation, Models, Neurological, Models, Psychological, Neuronal Plasticity, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Primates, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Vulnerable Populations, Epigenesis, Genetic, Rats, Resilience, Psychological, Gene-Environment Interaction

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review