When couples’ hearts beat together: Synchrony in heart rate variability during conflict predicts heightened inflammation throughout the day
Open accessAbstract
Hostile conflict in marriage can increase risks for disease and mortality. Physiological synchrony between partners-e.g., the linkage between their autonomic fluctuations-appears to capture engagement, or an inability to disengage from an exchange, and thus may amplify the health risks of noxious interactions such as marital conflict. Prior work has not examined the unique health correlates of this physiological signature. To test associations between couples' heart rate variability (HRV) synchrony during conflict and inflammation, 43 married couples engaged in a marital problem discussion while wearing heart monitors and provided four blood samples; they repeated this protocol at a second visit. When couples' moment-to-moment HRV changes tracked more closely together during conflict, they had higher levels of three inflammatory markers (i.e., IL-6, stimulated TNF-α, and sVCAM-1) across the day. Stronger HRV synchrony during conflict also predicted greater negative affect reactivity. Synchrony varied within couples, and was related to situational factors rather than global relationship traits. These data highlight partners' HRV linkage during conflict as a novel social-biological pathway to inflammation-related disease.
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In contexts marked by conflict, unresolved trauma, or insecure attachment, synchrony could reflect co-dysregulation and shared distress, which may compromise wellbeing over time.
“Conversely, in contexts marked by conflict, unresolved trauma, or insecure attachment, synchrony could reflect co-dysregulation and shared distress (37, 67), which may compromise wellbeing over time.”
From Physiological attunement and flourishing: understanding the influence of relationships on health (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
The Results (§3.5.2) link stronger synchrony during marital conflict to greater negative-affect reactivity, and §3.4 links it to higher inflammatory markers during the study day. These findings support the possibility that synchrony during conflict reflects shared distress and poses a health risk. The paper does not examine unresolved trauma or insecure attachment, or establish compromised wellbeing over time; the Discussion (§4) says long-term risk would require further assessment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDuring conflict interactions, high autonomic synchrony sometimes predicted emotional strain and hostile affect.
“Conversely, during conflict interactions, high autonomic synchrony sometimes predicted emotional strain and hostile affect (30, 37).”
From Physiological attunement and flourishing: understanding the influence of relationships on health (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
The Results (§3.5.2; page unavailable) report that greater HRV synchrony during conflict predicted greater negative-affect reactivity, supporting the emotional-strain portion. The Results (§3.3; page unavailable) do not establish a link with hostile affect and report that synchrony did not track hostile behavior during the disagreement. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhysiological synchrony does not necessarily reflect a positive evaluation of the interaction.
“While in some studies physiological synchrony was found to be related to positive affect (Chanel et al. 2012; Danyluck and Page‐Gould 2018), empathy (Chatel‐Goldman et al. 2014), and group cohesion (Gordon et al. 2020), others observed a positive relationship between physiological synchrony and negative affect (Wilson et al. 2018) or distress in couples (Levenson and Gottman 1983), suggesting that”
From Interpersonal Physiological Synchrony During Dyadic Joint Action Is Increased by Task Novelty and Reduced by Social Anxiety (2025) · cites this paper as Wilson et al. 2018
Some studies identified potential physiological costs, such as elevated inflammatory markers following high HRV synchrony during conflict.
“Several studies linked higher attunement to emotional or relational outcomes, including increased marital satisfaction (41), while others identified potential physiological costs, such as elevated inflammatory markers following high HRV synchrony during conflict (37).”
From Physiological attunement and flourishing: understanding the influence of relationships on health (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
During marital conflicts, couples showed higher HRV attunement, and this was associated with elevated inflammatory markers and negative affect, suggesting a stress-reactive form of attunement.
“For example, during marital conflicts, couples showed higher HRV attunement, and this was associated with elevated inflammatory markers and negative affect, suggesting a stress-reactive form of attunement (30, 37).”
From Physiological attunement and flourishing: understanding the influence of relationships on health (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
Autonomic attunement during conflict in romantic couples was sometimes linked to increased inflammatory markers and greater emotional distress.
“Regarding romantic couples, autonomic attunement during conflict was sometimes linked to increased inflammatory markers and greater emotional distress.”
From Physiological attunement and flourishing: understanding the influence of relationships on health (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
HRV synchrony during marital conflict predicted higher levels of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
“For example, HRV synchrony during marital conflict predicted higher levels of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine (37).”
From Physiological attunement and flourishing: understanding the influence of relationships on health (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
Some findings suggest that men's physiological states are more influenced by their female partners' responses.
“However, some findings suggest that men’s physiological states are more influenced by their female partners’ responses (37).”
From Physiological attunement and flourishing: understanding the influence of relationships on health (2025) · cites this paper as [37]
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports physiological synchrony between partners during conflict, but does not say that men’s physiological states are more influenced by their female partners than the reverse. Searches for husband–wife influence and sex differences found no passage addressing that directional comparison. (LLM, conf=0.70)
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- Authors
- Wilson, S. J., Bailey, B. E., Jaremka, L. M., Fagundes, C. P., Andridge, R., Malarkey, W. B., Gates, K. M., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- University of Delaware (US)
- Rice University (US)
- Oklahoma State University Medical Center (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilson, Stephanie J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 93
- Pages
- 107-116
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6002748
- OpenAlex
- W2803005465
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 6.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Rice Research Repository (Rice University) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001070)
- National Institute on Aging (R00AG056667, K99AG056667, L30 AG060525)
- National Cancer Institute (K05CA172296, R21CA158868)
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (T32DE014320)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- marital conflict, heart rate variability, physiological synchrony, couples, inflammation, interleukin-6, TNF-α, sVCAM-1, autonomic nervous system
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Heart Rate, Hostility, Humans, Inflammation, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Marriage, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Spouses, Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Family Conflict
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