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Physiology of Bone Loss
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Postmenopausal facial aging is mainly attributable to bone resorption in the mandible.
“In postmenopausal women, facial aging was best predicted by the years since last menstruation and mainly attributable to bone resorption in the mandible.”
From Facial aging trajectories: A common shape pattern in male and female faces is disrupted after menopause (2019) · cites this paper as Clarke & Khosla, 2010
Bone resorption is primarily controlled by estrogen in both sexes.
“Both hormones are known to affect bone metabolism, but bone resorption is primarily controlled by estrogen in both sexes (Clarke & Khosla, 2010; Falahati‐Nini et al., 2000; Khosla, Melton, & Riggs, 2001).”
From Facial aging trajectories: A common shape pattern in male and female faces is disrupted after menopause (2019) · cites this paper as Clarke & Khosla, 2010
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Citations
Cites
Sex Steroids and the Construction and Conservation of the Adult Skeleton
Riggs, B. L., Khosla, S., & Melton, L. J. (2002) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.23.3.0465 · Cited by 1,846
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Role of RANK ligand in mediating increased bone resorption in early postmenopausal women
Eghbali-Fatourechi, G., Khosla, S., Sanyal, A., Boyle, W. J., Lacey, D. L., & Riggs, B. L. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci17215 · Cited by 825 · cited 2×
“RANKL is the final key molecule required for osteoclast development, and is normally expressed by bone marrow stromal/osteoblast precursor cells, T-lymphocytes, and B-lymphocytes [20,21].”
BackgroundSelf-citationEstrogen promotes apoptosis of murine osteoclasts mediated by TGF–β
Hughes, D. E., Dai, A., Tiffee, J. C., Li, H. H., Mundy, G. R., & Boyce, B. F. (1996) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1096-1132 · Cited by 813 · cited 1×
“TGF-β induces apoptosis of osteoclasts [37].”
Falahati-Nini, A., Riggs, B. L., Atkinson, E. J., O’Fallon, W. M., Eastell, R., & Khosla, S. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci10942 · Cited by 757
Self-citationLabrie, F., Bélanger, A., Cusan, L., Gomez, J.-L., & Candas, B. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.8.4160 · Cited by 713
Hofbauer, L. C., Khosla, S., Dunstan, C. R., Lacey, D. L., Spelsberg, T. C., & Riggs, B. L. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.9.7131 · Cited by 692
Self-citationYadav, V. K., Oury, F., Suda, N., Liu, Z.-W., Gao, X.-B., Confavreux, C., Klemenhagen, K. C., Tanaka, K. F., Gingrich, J. A., Guo, X. E., et al. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.051 · Cited by 661
Slemenda, C. W., Longcope, C., Zhou, L., Hui, S. L., Peacock, M., & Johnston, C. C. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119701 · Cited by 455 · cited 1×
“[65], found correlation coefficients between serum total estradiol and BMD at different skeletal sites ranging from +0.”
BackgroundGALLAGHER, J. C., RIGGS, B. L., & DELUCA, H. F. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-51-6-1359 · Cited by 428 · cited 1×
“Longstanding estrogen deficiency also leads to chronic negative calcium balance because of loss of estrogen effects increasing intestinal calcium absorption [16,44] and renal tubular calcium reabsorption [45,46].”
BackgroundDifferential Effects of Androgens and Estrogens on Bone Turnover in Normal Men
Leder, B. Z., LeBlanc, K. M., Schoenfeld, D. A., Eastell, R., & Finkelstein, J. S. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021036 · Cited by 283
Khosla, S., Atkinson, E. J., Dunstan, C. R., & O’Fallon, W. M. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.4.8397 · Cited by 191 · cited 2×
“Combined in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that estrogen normally suppresses RANKL production by osteoblastic cells and T- and B-lymphocytes [20,21], and increases OPG production by osteoblastic cells [24,25], so that estrogen deficiency leads to an alteration in the RANKL/OPG ratio that favors bone resorption.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBioavailable Estradiol May Be an Important Determinant of Osteoporosis in Men: The MINOS Study
Szulc, P. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.86.1.192 · Cited by 169
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Metadata
- Authors
- Clarke, B. L., & Khosla, S.
- Venue
- Radiologic Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 483-495
- ISSN
- 0033-8389
- PMC
- PMC2901252
- Cited by
- 221
- References
- 14
- Language
- en
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
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