Markers of intestinal injury are associated with endotoxemia in successfully resuscitated patients

Grimaldi, D.; Guivarch, E.; Neveux, N.; Fichet, J.; Pène, F.; Marx, J.-S.; Chiche, J.-D.; Cynober, L.; Mira, J.-P.; Cariou, A.

doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.06.010

Cited by 130Sepsis Diagnosis and TreatmentCardiac Arrest and ResuscitationAbdominal Surgery and Complications

Markers of intestinal injury are associated with endotoxemia in successfully resuscitated patients

Grimaldi, D., Guivarch, E., Neveux, N., Fichet, J., Pène, F., Marx, J.-S., Chiche, J.-D., Cynober, L. +2 more·2013·Resuscitation

DOI 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.06.010

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Abstract

Aims Gut dysfunction is suspected to play a major role in the pathophysiology of post-resuscitation disease through an increase in intestinal permeability and endotoxin release. However this dysfunction often remains occult and is poorly investigated. The aim of this pilot study was to explore intestinal failure biomarkers in post-cardiac arrest patients and to correlate them with endotoxemia.Methods Following resuscitation after cardiac arrest, 21 patients were prospectively studied. Urinary intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), which marks intestinal permeability, plasma citrulline, which reflects the functional enterocyte mass, and whole blood endotoxin were measured at admission, days 1-3 and 6. We explored the kinetics of release and the relationship between IFABP, citrulline and endotoxin values.Results IFABP was extremely high at admission and normalized at D3 (6668 pg/mL vs 39 pg/mL, p=0.01). Lowest median of citrulline (N=20-40 μmol/L) was attained at D2 (11 μmol/L at D2 vs 24 μmol/L at admission, p=0.01) and tended to normalize at D6 (21 μmol/L). During ICU stay, 86% of patients presented a detectable endotoxemia. Highest endotoxin level was positively correlated with highest IFABP level (R(2)=0.31, p=0.01) and was inversely correlated with lowest plasma citrulline levels (R(2)=0.55, p<0.001). Endotoxin levels increased between admission and D2 in patients with post-resuscitation shock, whereas it decreases in patients with no shock (median +0.33 EU vs -0.19 EU, p=0.03). Highest endotoxin level was positively correlated with D3 SOFA score (R(2)=0.45, p=0.004).Conclusion Biomarkers of intestinal injury are altered after cardiac arrest and are associated with endotoxemia. This could worsen post-resuscitation shock and organ failure.

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Endotoxemia may occur secondary to increased intestinal permeability resulting from extreme physiologic stress, ethanol exposure, or a Western diet high in carbohydrate and saturated fat.
“and secondary to increased intestinal permeability resulting from extreme physiologic stress,32 ethanol exposure,33 or a “fast-food style” Western diet, high in both carbohydrate and saturated fat.34”
From The Gut Microbiome and the Brain (2014) · cites this paper as [32]

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A multicentric prospective observational study of diagnosis and prognosis features in ICU mesenteric ischemia: the DIAGOMI study
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Nutrition During Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest: Observational Study of Neurological Outcomes and Nutrition Tolerance
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Endotoxemia induces lung-brain coupling and multi-organ injury following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion
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“On the contrary, in patients successfully resuscitated from cardiac arrest, higher endotoxin activity was associated with higher I-FAPB [42], which suggests that the association between I-FABP and LPS translocation depends on the intensity and/or nature of the injury.”
Background
Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein and Citrulline as Markers of Gut Injury and Prognosis in Patients With Acute Pancreatitis
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The Effects of Alda-1 Treatment on Renal and Intestinal Injuries After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pigs
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Effect of an enteral amino acid blend on muscle and gut functionality in critically ill patients: a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial
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Levosimendan Ameliorates Post-resuscitation Acute Intestinal Microcirculation Dysfunction Partly Independent of its Effects on Systemic Circulation: A Pilot Study on Cardiac Arrest in a Rat Model
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Prognostic Value of Enterocyte Injury in Critically Ill Patients
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Effects of 9-t-butyl doxycycline on the innate immune response to CNS ischemia-reperfusion injury
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Resuscitation highlights in 2013: Part 2
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Fast hypothermia induced by extracorporeal circuit cooling alleviates renal and intestinal injury after cardiac arrest in swine
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Gastrointestinal tract protection with nitric oxide inhalation during laparoscopic interventions: a pilot study
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Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia in Aortic Surgery: What You Need to Know
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Low PCSK-9 levels Are Associated with Favorable Neurologic Function after Resuscitation from out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
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Evaluation of the use of the Endotoxin Activity Assay (EAA™) to Quantify Non-septic Exposure of Metabolic Endotoxemia
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Plasma levels of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and citrulline are not associated with severe upper gastrointestinal ischemic lesions after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an ancillary study of the ENTRACT trial
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The Postcardiac Arrest Inflammatory Response: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
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Potential interests of citrulline in critically ill patients
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Study of gut injury and endotoxemia after resuscitated cardiac arrest. What involvement in the pathophysiology of post-resuscitation shock ?
Guivarch, E., & Grimaldi, D. (2012) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
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The detrimental effects of intestinal injury mediated by inflammation are limited in cardiac arrest patients: A prospective cohort study
Farbu, B. H., Lydersen, S., Mohus, R. M., Ueland, T., Mollnes, T. E., Klepstad, P., & Langeland, H. (2024) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100639 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Intestinal injury in cardiac arrest is associated with multiple organ dysfunction: A prospective cohort study
Farbu, B. H., Langeland, H., Ueland, T., Michelsen, A. E., Krüger, A., Klepstad, P., & Nordseth, T. (2023) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109748 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Enterocyte Damage
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Plasma levels of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein and citrulline are not associated with severe upper gastrointestinal ischemic lesions after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an ancillary study of the ENTRACT trial
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Authors: Grimaldi, D., Guivarch, E., Neveux, N., Fichet, J., Pène, F., Marx, J.-S., Chiche, J.-D., Cynober, L., Mira, J.-P., & Cariou, A.
Affiliations: Hôpital Cochin (FR)
Sorbonne Paris Cité (FR)
Inserm (FR)
ORCID: Grimaldi, D.
Neveux, N.
Pène, F.
Chiche, J.-D.
Mira, J.-P.
Cariou, A.
Venue: Resuscitation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-01
Volume: 84
Issue: 1
Pages: 60-65
ISSN: 0300-9572 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.06.010
OpenAlex: W2119467481
Cited by: 130
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9
FWCI: 6.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Resuscitation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Abdominal Surgery and Complications
Keywords: endotoxemia, intestinal injury, cardiac arrest, intestinal fatty acid binding protein, citrulline, intestinal permeability, gastrointestinal dysfunction, endotoxin, SOFA score, organ failure, biomarkers
MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Citrulline, Endotoxins, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Biomarkers, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Statistics, Nonparametric, Endotoxemia, Luminescence, Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

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Markers of intestinal injury are associated with endotoxemia in successfully resuscitated patients

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