Predictive value of General Movement Assessment for preterm infants’ development at 2 years − implementation in clinical routine in a non-academic setting
Abstract
Background General movements (GM) are used in academic settings to predict developmental outcome in infants born preterm. However, little is known about the implementation and predictive value of GM in non-academic settings.Aims The aim of this study is twofold: To document the implementation of GM assessment (GMA) in a non-academic setting and to assess its predictive value in infants born preterm.Methods and procedures We documented the process of implementing GMA in a non-academic outpatient clinic. In addition, we assessed the predictive value of GMA at 1 and 3 months' corrected age for motor and cognitive development at 2 years in 122 children born <33 weeks' gestation. Outcome at two years was based upon the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II (mental/psychomotor developmental index (MDI, PDI)) and a neurological examination. The infants' odds of atypical outcome (MDI or PDI ≤70 or diagnosis CP) and the predictive accuracy of abnormal GMA were calculated in a clinical routine scenario, which used all available GM information (primarily at 3 months or at 1 month, when 3 months were not available). In addition, separate analysis was undertaken for the samples of GMA at 1 and 3 months.Outcomes and results Tips to facilitate GMA implementation are described. In our clinical routine scenario, children with definitely abnormal GM were more likely to have an atypical two-year outcome than children with normal GM (OR 13.2 (95% CI 1.56; 112.5); sensitivity 55.6%, specificity 82.1%). Definitely abnormal GM were associated with reduced MDI (-12.0, 95% CI -23.2; -0.87) and identified all children with cerebral palsy (CP) in the sample of GMA at 3 months only.Conclusions and implications GMA can be successfully implemented in a non-academic outpatient setting. In our clinical routine scenario, GMA allowed for adequate prediction of neurodevelopment in infants born preterm, thereby allaying concerns about diagnostic accuracy in non-academic settings.
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Infant movement behaviors can reveal rich information about the developing central nervous system.
“A growing body of literature suggests that infant movement behaviors can reveal rich information about the developing central nervous system.”
From Miniaturized wireless, skin-integrated sensor networks for quantifying full-body movement behaviors and vital signs in infants (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
Atypical patterns of infant movement can indicate underlying neuromotor pathologies that reflect or presage clinical conditions like cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, or minor forms of other neurological dysfunctions.
“Atypical patterns can indicate underlying neuromotor pathologies that reflect or presage clinical conditions like cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, or minor forms of other neurological dysfunctions (1–4).”
From Miniaturized wireless, skin-integrated sensor networks for quantifying full-body movement behaviors and vital signs in infants (2021) · cites this paper as [3]
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- Authors
- De Bock, F., Will, H., Behrenbeck, U., Jarczok, M. N., Hadders-Algra, M., & Philippi, H.
- Affiliations
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Venue
- Research in Developmental Disabilities
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-03
- Volume
- 62
- Pages
- 69-80
- ISSN
- 0891-4222 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2574169935
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research in Developmental Disabilities (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Keywords
- General Movements Assessment, preterm infants, neurodevelopmental outcome prediction, cerebral palsy, motor development, cognitive development, Bayley Scales of Infant Development II, corrected age, prediction accuracy
- MeSH terms
- Cerebral Palsy, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Infant, Premature, Male, Motor Activity, Neurologic Examination, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk Assessment
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