Cited by 342Schizophrenia research and treatmentPsychological Testing and AssessmentHistorical and Modern Theater Studies

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Norms and standardization of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS)

KEEFE, R, HARVEY, P, GOLDBERG, T, GOLD, J, WALKER, T, KENNEL, C, HAWKINS, K·2008·Schizophrenia Research

DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.024

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Abstract

According to the recommendations of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Neurocognition Committee, one of the desired characteristics of a cognitive battery for assessing cognition in schizophrenia studies and clinical trials is the availability of normative data. This report describes normative data collected on the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) from 404 healthy controls with demographic characteristics matching the 2005 United States Census of English-speakers. The six test measures demonstrated the expected pattern of correlations with age, gender, and education. Individual test scores were converted into standardized (T and z) scores and composite scores that were corrected for age and gender. An education-correction factor was calculated and recommended only for non-schizophrenia patients. Eight different verbal memory tests were found to have equivalent levels of difficulty.

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Authors: KEEFE, R., HARVEY, P., GOLDBERG, T., GOLD, J., WALKER, T., KENNEL, C., & HAWKINS, K.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
Emory University (US)
Zucker Hillside Hospital (US)
Duke Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: KEEFE, R
ORCID: KEEFE, R
HARVEY, P
GOLDBERG, T
GOLD, J
Venue: Schizophrenia Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-07
Volume: 102
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 108-115
ISSN: 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2008.03.024
OpenAlex: W2018927895
Cited by: 342
References: 8
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 3.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
Keywords: Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, BACS
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Cognition Disorders, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Reference Values, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Control Groups, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Norms and standardization of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS)

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