ADAMTSL3 as a candidate gene for schizophrenia: gene sequencing and ultra-high density association analysis by imputation
Open accessAbstract
We previously reported an association with a putative functional variant in the ADAMTSL3 gene, just below genome-wide significance in a genome-wide association study of schizophrenia. As variants impacting the function of ADAMTSL3 (a disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type I motifs-like-3) could illuminate a novel disease mechanism and a potentially specific target, we have used complementary approaches to further evaluate the association. We imputed genotypes and performed high density association analysis using data from the HapMap and 1000 genomes projects. To review all variants that could potentially cause the association, and to identify additional possible pathogenic rare variants, we sequenced ADAMTSL3 in 92 schizophrenics. A total of 71 ADAMTSL3 variants were identified by sequencing, many were also seen in the 1000 genomes data, but 26 were novel. None of the variants identified by re-sequencing was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the associated markers. Imputation analysis refined association between ADAMTSL3 and schizophrenia, and highlighted additional common variants with similar levels of association. We evaluated the functional consequences of all variants identified by sequencing, or showing direct or imputed association. The strongest evidence for function remained with the originally associated variant, rs950169, suggesting that this variant may be causal of the association. Rare variants were also identified with possible functional impact. Our study confirms ADAMTSL3 as a candidate for further investigation in schizophrenia, using the variants identified here. The utility of imputation analysis is demonstrated, and we recommend wider use of this method to re-evaluate the existing canon of suggestive schizophrenia associations.
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Several vulnerability genes for schizophrenia encode PNN components and enzymes involved in ECM remodeling.
“Our findings, together with recent findings from genetic studies showing that several vulnerability genes for SZ encode PNN components and enzymes involved in ECM remodeling (Buxbaum et al., 2008; Cichon et al., 2011; Dow et al., 2011; Groszewska et al., 2011; Ripke and Consortium, 2011; Ripke et al., 2013; Ripke and Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, 2014; Rybakowski et al.,”
From Losing the sugar coating: Potential impact of perineuronal net abnormalities on interneurons in schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as Dow et al., 2011
Findings from genetic association and GWAS analyses suggest that several metzincin protease genes, including ADAMTSL3, ADAMTS12, ADAMTS-16, ADAM22, and MMP16, may confer vulnerability to schizophrenia.
“First, converging results from several recent genetic association and genome-wide association studies indicate that genes encoding for a number of metzincin metalloproteases may represent vulnerability factors for SZ.”
From Losing the sugar coating: Potential impact of perineuronal net abnormalities on interneurons in schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as Dow et al., 2011
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- Authors
- Dow, D. J., Huxley-Jones, J., Hall, J. M., Francks, C., Maycox, P. R., Kew, J. N. C., Gloger, I. S., Mehta, N. A. L., Kelly, F. M., Muglia, P., Breen, G., Jugurnauth, S., Pederoso, I., St.Clair, D., Rujescu, D., & Barnes, M. R.
- Affiliations
- GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom) (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Barnes, Michael R.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 28-34
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144803317
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Keywords
- schizophrenia
- MeSH terms
- ADAMTS Proteins, Gene Frequency, Genotype, Humans, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Linkage Disequilibrium, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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