NeuN+ neuronal nuclei in non-human primate prefrontal cortex and subcortical white matter after clozapine exposure
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Increased neuronal densities in subcortical white matter have been reported for some cases with schizophrenia. The underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. We exposed 26 young adult macaque monkeys for 6 months to either clozapine, haloperidol or placebo and measured by structural MRI frontal gray and white matter volumes before and after treatment, followed by observer-independent, flow-cytometry-based quantification of neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei and molecular fingerprinting of cell-type specific transcripts. After clozapine exposure, the proportion of nuclei expressing the neuronal marker NeuN increased by approximately 50% in subcortical white matter, in conjunction with a more subtle and non-significant increase in overlying gray matter. Numbers and proportions of nuclei expressing the oligodendrocyte lineage marker, OLIG2, and cell-type specific RNA expression patterns, were maintained after antipsychotic drug exposure. Frontal lobe gray and white matter volumes remained indistinguishable between antipsychotic-drug-exposed and control groups. Chronic clozapine exposure increases the proportion of NeuN+ nuclei in frontal subcortical white matter, without alterations in frontal lobe volumes or cell type-specific gene expression. Further exploration of neurochemical plasticity in non-human primate brain exposed to antipsychotic drugs is warranted.
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NeuN− FIRE-associated genes are most highly expressed in oligodendrocytes.
“In particular, NeuN− FIRE-associated genes were most highly expressed in oligodendrocytes, confirming that NeuN− fraction is enriched for oligodendrocytes21.”
From Neuronal and glial 3D chromatin architecture informs the cellular etiology of brain disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
The majority of NeuN− cells are oligodendrocytes.
“consistent with the previous report that the majority of NeuN− cells are oligodendrocytes21.”
From Neuronal and glial 3D chromatin architecture informs the cellular etiology of brain disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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Castro-Mendoza, P. B., Weaver, C. M., Chang, W., Medalla, M., Rockland, K. S., Lowery, L., McDonough, E. M., Varghese, M., Hof, P. R., Meyer, D. E., et al. (2024) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-024-02819-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 2
Rahgozar, S., Aberuyi, N., & Moafi, H. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101528-1
ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily A Member 2
Rahgozar, S., Aberuyi, N., & Moafi, H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101528
- Authors
- Halene, T. B., Kozlenkov, A., Jiang, Y., Mitchell, A. C., Javidfar, B., Dincer, A., Park, R., Wiseman, J., Croxson, P. L., Giannaris, E. L., Hof, P. R., Roussos, P., Dracheva, S., Hemby, S. E., & Akbarian, S.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Halene, Tobias B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 170
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 235-244
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4740223
- OpenAlex
- W2225132318
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 1.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- Medical and Life Sciences Research Fund
- National Institutes of Health (MH074313)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- clozapine, antipsychotic drugs
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Animals, Brain, Cell Count, Clozapine, Female, Flow Cytometry, Haloperidol, Immunohistochemistry, Macaca, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuronal Plasticity, Neurons, Oligodendroglia, Organ Size, Random Allocation, Antipsychotic Agents, White Matter, Gray Matter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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