The DOI matches its Crossref record; 191 of the 193 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Plastics in soil: Analytical methods and possible sources
Abstract
At least 300 Mio t of plastic are produced annually, from which large parts end up in the environment, where it persists over decades, harms biota and enters the food chain. Yet, almost nothing is known about plastic pollution of soil; hence, the aims of this work are to review current knowledge on i) available methods for the quantification and identification of plastic in soil, ii) the quantity and possible input pathways of plastic into soil, (including first preliminary screening of plastic in compost), and iii) its fate in soil. Methods for plastic analyses in sediments can potentially be adjusted for application to soil; yet, the applicability of these methods for soil needs to be tested. Consequently, the current data base on soil pollution with plastic is still poor. Soils may receive plastic inputs via plastic mulching or the application of plastic containing soil amendments. In compost up to 2.38-1200mg plastic kg-1 have been found so far; the plastic concentration of sewage sludge varies between 1000 and 24,000 plastic items kg-1. Also irrigation with untreated and treated wastewater (1000-627,000 and 0-125,000 plastic items m-3, respectively) as well as flooding with lake water (0.82-4.42 plastic items m-3) or river water (0-13,751 items km-2) can provide major input pathways for plastic into soil. Additional sources comprise littering along roads and trails, illegal waste dumping, road runoff as well as atmospheric input. With these input pathways, plastic concentrations in soil might reach the per mill range of soil organic carbon. Most of plastic (especially >1μm) will presumably be retained in soil, where it persists for decades or longer. Accordingly, further research on the prevalence and fate of such synthetic polymers in soils is urgently warranted.
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“The global accumulation of waste plastics has led to severe environmental pollution, posing a serious threat to ecosystems.”
From Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
Citations
Cites
Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
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Lost at sea: where is all the plastic?
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Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils
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The contentious nature of soil organic matter
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Accumulation of Microplastic on Shorelines Woldwide: Sources and Sinks
Browne, M. A., Crump, P., Niven, S. J., Teuten, E. L., Tonkin, A., Galloway, T. S., & Thompson, R. C. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es201811s · Cited by 4,838
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(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-1-28473-5 · Cited by 3,859
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2 of the 193 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- UBA, 2015, Klärschlamm und Kompost.
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Functional carbon materials from waste plastics: synthesis and applications
Yuan, J., Yang, G., Zhou, X., Huang, J., & Chen, Y. (2025) · Sustainable Carbon Materials · doi:10.48130/scm-0025-0005 · Cited by 8
Akinwumi, I., Soladoye, O., Ajayi, V., & Epelle, P. (2022) · Infrastructures · doi:10.3390/infrastructures7120172 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Bläsing, M., & Amelung, W.
- Affiliations
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bläsing, Melanie
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 612
- Pages
- 422-435
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2753819772
- Cited by
- 1,655
- References
- 193
- Citations by year
- 2026: 166 · 2025: 232 · 2024: 286 · 2023: 266 · 2022: 277 · 2021: 174 · 2020: 159 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 30
- FWCI
- 3.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- National Root Crops Research Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
- Keywords
- plastic pollution, soil contamination, polymer identification, compost, sewage sludge, wastewater irrigation, plastic film mulching, soil amendment, microplastics, synthetic polymers, illegal dumping, road runoff, trophic transfer
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