Emerging and legacy contaminants across land-use gradients and the risk to aquatic ecosystems
Abstract
Information on potentially harmful emerging and legacy chemicals is essential to understand the risks to the environment and inform regulatory actions. The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence, concentration, and distribution of emerging and legacy contaminants across a gradient of land-use intensity and determine the risk posed to aquatic ecosystems. The land-use intensity gradient considered was: background/undeveloped < low-intensity agriculture < high-intensity agriculture < urban residential < urban industrial. Twenty-five sites were sampled for surface water, sediment, and soil. A total of 218 chemicals were analyzed: pesticides, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), phthalates, and short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The risk posed by the analyzed chemicals to the aquatic environment was measured using hazard quotients (HQs), which were calculated by dividing the maximum measured environmental concentration by a predicted no-effect concentration for each chemical. A HQ > 1 was considered to indicate a high risk of adverse effects from the given chemical. A total of 68 chemicals were detected: 19 pesticides, 18 PFAS, 28 PBDEs, two phthalates, and SCCPs (as total SCCPs). There were no significant differences in the overall chemical composition between land uses. However, the insecticide bifenthrin, PFAS, PBDEs, and phthalates were more frequently found in samples from residential and/or industrial sites, suggesting urban land uses are hotspots and potential large-scale sources of these chemicals. Nineteen chemicals had a HQ > 1; most had a restricted spatial distribution limited to high-intensity agriculture and industrial sites in Melbourne. Bifenthrin and the perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) had the highest HQs in residential and industrial sites, suggesting an increased risk to aquatic ecosystems in urban settings. The results of this study will enhance future research, predictive methods, and effective targeting of monitoring, and will help guide regulatory management actions and mitigation solutions.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
PFAS appear to be more frequent in residential and industrial areas, indicating urban areas as hotspots for the introduction of PFAS into the environment.
“They appear to be more frequent in residential and industrial areas, indicating urban areas as hotspots for the introduction of PFAS into the environment (Sardiña et al., 2019; Sim et al., 2021).”
From Occurrence, transformation, and transport of PFAS entering, leaving, and flowing past wastewater treatment plants with diverse land uses (2024) · cites this paper as Sardiña et al., 2019
PFHxS, PFBS, PFOS, and PFOA have been reported at the highest concentrations when assessing similar suites of PFAS in other studies.
“all of which are analytes that have been reported at the highest concentrations when assessing similar suites of PFAS in other studies (Coggan et al., 2019; Sardiña et al., 2019).”
From Occurrence, transformation, and transport of PFAS entering, leaving, and flowing past wastewater treatment plants with diverse land uses (2024) · cites this paper as Sardiña et al., 2019
Urban areas have been associated with PFAS occurrence.
“Higher 3H concentrations are indicative of more modern water, urban areas have been associated with PFAS occurrence, and fire-training areas are known point sources of PFAS.7,17,63”
From Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Groundwater Used as a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
Higher 3H concentrations are indicative of more modern water.
“Higher 3H concentrations are indicative of more modern water, urban areas have been associated with PFAS occurrence, and fire-training areas are known point sources of PFAS.7,17,63”
From Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Groundwater Used as a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
Fire-training areas are known point sources of PFAS.
“Higher 3H concentrations are indicative of more modern water, urban areas have been associated with PFAS occurrence, and fire-training areas are known point sources of PFAS.7,17,63”
From Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Groundwater Used as a Source of Drinking Water in the Eastern United States (2022) · cites this paper as [63]
Cites
R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,706 · see citing works
vegan: Community Ecology Package
Oksanen, J., Simpson, G. L., Blanchet, F. G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P. R., O’Hara, R. B., Sólymos, P., Stevens, M. H. H., Szöcs, E., et al. (2001) · doi:10.32614/cran.package.vegan · Cited by 27,099 · see citing works
Vegan : community ecology package. R package version 1.17-9
Oksanen, J. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 6,606 · see citing works
Buck, R. C., Franklin, J., Berger, U., Conder, J. M., Cousins, I. T., de Voogt, P., Jensen, A. A., Kannan, K., Mabury, S. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. (2011) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.258 · Cited by 4,641 · see citing works
Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues
Richardson, S. D., & Ternes, T. A. (2014) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac500508t · Cited by 2,144 · see citing works
A framework for prioritizing fragrance materials for aquatic risk assessment
Salvito, D. T., Senna, R. J., & Federle, T. W. (2002) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.5620210627 · Cited by 1,887 · see citing works
Pesticides, environment, and food safety
Carvalho, F. P. (2017) · Food and Energy Security · doi:10.1002/fes3.108 · Cited by 1,862 · see citing works
Tran, N. H., Reinhard, M., & Gin, K. Y.-H. (2018) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.029 · Cited by 1,686 · see citing works
Emerging pollutants in the environment: A challenge for water resource management
Geissen, V., Mol, H. G. J., Klumpp, E., Umlauf, G., Nadal, M., van der Ploeg, M. J., van de Zee, S. E. A. T. M., & Ritsema, C. J. (2015) · International Soil and Water Conservation Research · doi:10.1016/j.iswcr.2015.03.002 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Water Analysis: Emerging Contaminants and Current Issues.
Richardson, S., & Ternes, T. (2014) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04577 · Cited by 1,028 · see citing works
Gao, D., & Wen, Z. (2015) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.148 · Cited by 826 · see citing works
Fate and Effects of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in the Aquatic Environment: A Review
Ahrens, L., & Bundschuh, M. (2014) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.2663 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
Half-Lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after End of Exposure to Contaminated Drinking Water
Li, Y., Fletcher, T., Mucs, D., Scott, K., Lindh, C. H., Tallving, P., & Jakobsson, K. (2018) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2017-104651 · Cited by 815 · see citing works
Clarke, B. O., & Smith, S. R. (2010) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.06.004 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
A review of what is an emerging contaminant
Sauvé, S., & Desrosiers, M. (2014) · Chemistry Central Journal · doi:10.1186/1752-153x-8-15 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Australian drinking water guidelines
Alach, Z. (2008) · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Sharma, B. M., Bečanová, J., Scheringer, M., Sharma, A., Bharat, G. K., Whitehead, P. G., Klánová, J., & Nizzetto, L. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.235 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Lessons learned from more than two decades of research on emerging contaminants in the environment
Noguera‐Oviedo, K., & Aga, D. S. (2016) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.058 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Faust, M., Altenburger, R., Backhaus, T., et al. (2001) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00187-4 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
Hildebrandt, A., Guillamón, M., Lacorte, S., et al. (2008) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.009 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
A diverse suite of pharmaceuticals contaminates stream and riparian food webs
Richmond, E. K., Rosi, E. J., Walters, D., Fick, J. B., Hamilton, S. K., Brodin, T., Sundelin, A., & Grace, M. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06822-w · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Gallen, C., Eaglesham, G., Drage, D., Nguyen, T. H., & Mueller, J. F. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.024 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Houtman, C. J. (2010) · Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1080/1943815x.2010.511648 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Major Herbicides in Ground Water: Results from the National Water‐Quality Assessment
Barbash, J. E., Thelin, G. P., Kolpin, D. W., & Gilliom, R. J. (2001) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2001.303831x · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Banzhaf, S., Filipovic, M., Lewis, J., Sparrenbom, C. J., & Barthel, R. (2017) · Ambio · doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0848-8 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Høisæter, Å., Pfaff, A., & Breedveld, G. D. (2019) · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.02.010 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Environmental contaminants of emerging concern in seafood – European database on contaminant levels
Vandermeersch, G., Lourenço, H. M., Álvarez‐Muñoz, D., Cunha, S. C., Diogène, J., Cano-Sancho, G., Sloth, J. J., Kwadijk, C. J. A. F., Barceló, ., Allegaert, W., et al. (2015) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.011 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Elevated levels of PFOS and PFHxS in firefighters exposed to aqueous film forming foam (AFFF)
Rotander, A., Toms, L.-M. L., Aylward, L. L., Kay, M. P., & Mueller, J. F. (2015) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.005 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Preliminary risk assessment database and risk ranking of pharmaceuticals in the environment
Cooper, E. R., Siewicki, T. C., & Phillips, K. G. (2008) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.061 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Occurrence, fate and effects of Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in wastewater treatment plants: A review
Zolfaghari, M., Drogui, P., Seyhi, B., Brar, S. K., Buelna, G., & Dubé, R. (2014) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.014 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Herbicide contamination of surficial groundwater in Northern Italy
Guzzella, L., Pozzoni, F., & Giuliano, G. (2006) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.037 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Rasmussen, J. J., Wiberg-Larsen, P., Baattrup-Pedersen, A., Cedergreen, N., McKnight, U. S., Kreuger, J., Jacobsen, D., Kristensen, E. A., & Friberg, N. (2015) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.07.021 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Sources, occurrence and predicted aquatic impact of legacy and contemporary pesticides in streams
McKnight, U. S., Rasmussen, J. J., Kronvang, B., Binning, P. J., & Bjerg, P. L. (2015) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.015 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Schröder, P., Helmreich, B., Škrbić, B. D., Carballa, M., Papa, M., Pastore, C., Emre, Z., Oehmen, A., Langenhoff, A. A. M., Molinos, M., et al. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6503-x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Fairbairn, D. J., Karpuzcu, M. E., Arnold, W. A., Barber, B. L., Kaufenberg, E. F., Koskinen, W. C., Novak, P. J., Rice, P. J., & Swackhamer, D. L. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.056 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Čelić, M., Gros, M., Farré, M., et al. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.290 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Riva, F., Zuccato, E., Davoli, E., Fattore, E., & Castiglioni, S. (2019) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.07.099 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Gao, Y., Zhang, H., Su, F., et al. (2012) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2041256 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Kwok, K. Y., Yamazaki, E., Yamashita, N., Taniyasu, S., Murphy, M. B., Horii, Y., Petrick, G., Kallerborn, R., Kannan, K., Murano, K., et al. (2013) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.091 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Phthalate esters in freshwaters as markers of contamination sources--a site study in Italy
Vitali, M. (1997) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(97)00035-4 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Munoz, G., Giraudel, J.-L., Botta, F., Lestremau, F., Dévier, M.-H., Budzinski, H., & Labadie, P. (2015) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.043 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Perfluoroalkylated Substances in the Global Tropical and Subtropical Surface Oceans
González-Gaya, B., Dachs, J., Roscales, J. L., Caballero, G., & Jiménez, B. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es503490z · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Allinson, G., Zhang, P., Bui, A., Allinson, M., Rose, G., Marshall, S., & Pettigrove, V. J. (2015) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4206-3 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Szabo, D., Coggan, T. L., Robson, T. C., Currell, M., & Clarke, B. O. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.048 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Development of PFOS and PFOA criteria for the protection of freshwater aquatic life in China
Yang, S., Xu, F., Wu, F., Wang, S., & Zheng, B. (2013) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.094 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Gredelj, A., Barausse, A., Grechi, L., & Palmeri, L. (2018) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.017 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Spatial and Temporal Trends in Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Lake Ontario Sediments
Märvin, C. H., Painter, S. L., Tomy, G. T., et al. (2003) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0345064 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Sediment–water distribution of contaminants of emerging concern in a mixed use watershed
Fairbairn, D. J., Karpuzcu, M. E., Arnold, W. A., et al. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.046 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
A national-scale assessment of micro-organic contaminants in groundwater of England and Wales
Manamsa, K., Crane, E., Stuart, M. E., Talbot, J., Lapworth, D. J., & Hart, A. J. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.017 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (CPs) Dominate in Australian Sewage Sludge
Brandsma, S. H., van Mourik, L. M., O'Brien, J. W., et al. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05318 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
McGrath, T. J., Morrison, P. D., Ball, A. S., et al. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b02469 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Xia, K., Hundal, L. S., Kumar, K., Armbrust, K. L., Cox, A. E., & Granato, T. C. (2009) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.66 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Urbanization gradient of selected pharmaceuticals in surface water at a watershed scale
Hong, B., Lin, Q., Yu, S., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., & Chiang, P. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.392 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Battaglin, W. A., Bradley, P. M., Iwanowicz, L. R., Journey, C. A., Walsh, H. L., & Blazer, V. S. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.150 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
A National Survey of Trace Organic Contaminants in Australian Rivers
Scott, P. D., Bartkow, M. E., Blockwell, S. J., Coleman, H. M., Khan, S. J., Lim, R. P., McDonald, J. A., Nice, H. E., Nugegoda, D., Pettigrove, V. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2014.01.0012 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Bókony, V., Üveges, B., Ujhegyi, N., et al. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.363 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Terzić, S., & Ahel, M. (2010) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.009 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Yang, W., Chiang, L.-F., Tan, S.-W., & Chen, P. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.312 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Karnjanapiboonwong, A., Deb, S. K., Subbiah, S., Wang, D., & Anderson, T. A. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.027 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Corada-Fernández, C., Jiménez‐Martínez, J., Candela, L., et al. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.098 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Stevenson, C. N., MacManus‐Spencer, L. A., Luckenbach, T., Luthy, R. G., & Epel, D. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0602593 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Bach, C., Dauchy, X., Boiteux, V., Colin, A., Hemard, J., Sagres, V., Rosin, C., & Munoz, J.-F. (2017) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-016-8243-3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Štejnarová, P., Coelhan, M., Kostrhounová, R., et al. (2004) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.08.083 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Kellar, C. R., Hassell, K. L., Long, S. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Applied Ecology · doi:10.1111/1365-2664.12211 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Åkerblom, S., Negm, N., Wu, P., Bishop, K., & Ahrens, L. (2017) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.032 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Zhou, Y., Wang, T., Jiang, Z., Kong, X., Li, Q., Sun, Y., Wang, P., & Liu, Z. (2017) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.146 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Distribution of PBDEs, HBCDs and PCBs in the Brisbane River estuary sediment
Anim, A. K., Drage, D. S., Goonetilleke, A., et al. (2017) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.002 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Gallen, C., Baduel, C., Lai, F. Y., Thompson, K., Thompson, J., Warne, M., & Mueller, J. F. (2014) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.014 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Pesticide residues in river sediments from the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil
Miranda, K., Cunha, M. L. F., Dores, E. F. G. D. C., et al. (2008) · Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B · doi:10.1080/03601230802388843 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Cheng, J.-O., & Ko, F.-C. (2018) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.075 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Adeogun, A. O., Ibor, O. R., Imiuwa, M. E., et al. (2018) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.07.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Menchén, A., Heras, J. D. L., & Alday, J. J. G. (2017) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-017-5827-4 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Herrero, Ó., Morcillo, G., & Planelló, R. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171719 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Widespread polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination of urban soils in Melbourne, Australia
McGrath, T. J., Morrison, P. D., Sandiford, C. J., Ball, A. S., & Clarke, B. O. (2016) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.017 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Qiao, L., Xia, D., Gao, L., et al. (2016) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.05.057 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Jeppe, K. J., Kellar, C. R., Marshall, S., Colombo, V., Sinclair, G. M., & Pettigrove, V. J. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.7b01472 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Lorente, C., Causapé, J., Glud, R. N., et al. (2014) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.108 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Marshall, S., Sharley, D. J., Jeppe, K. J., Sharp, S. M., Rose, G., & Pettigrove, V. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2016.00075 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tebuthiuron leaching in three Brazilian soils as affected by soil pH
FARIA, A. T., Souza, M. D. F., Passos, A. B. R. D. J., da Silva, A. A., Silva, D. V., Zanuncio, J. C., & Rocha, P. R. R. (2018) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-018-7285-x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wu, M., Xu, B., Xu, G., et al. (2016) · Environmental Geochemistry and Health · doi:10.1007/s10653-016-9843-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Carbon skeleton analysis of chloroparaffins in sediment, mussels and crabs
Kemmlein, S., Hermeneit, A., & Retard, W. (2002) · Organohalogen compounds · Cited by 15 · see citing works
LeBlanc, L. A., Orlando, J. L., & Kuivila, K. M. (2004) · Data series · doi:10.3133/ds104 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Thornton, C. M., & Elledge, A. E. (2016) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05393 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Fiskville Firefighters Health Study
Glass, D. C., Sim, M. R., Pircher, S. L. M., & Monaco, A. D. (2014) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
7th International Conference on Marine Pollution and Ecotoxicology
Wu, R. S. S., & Richardson, B. J. (2014) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
What are the effects of PFAS exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations?
Sinclair, G. M., Long, S. M., & Jones, O. A. H. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127340 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
McMahon, P. B., Tokranov, A. K., Bexfield, L. M., Lindsey, B. D., Johnson, T. D., Lombard, M. A., & Watson, E. (2022) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.1c04795 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Paige, T., De Silva, T., Buddhadasa, S., Prasad, S., Nugegoda, D., & Pettigrove, V. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140791 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Sigler, K., Messer, T. L., Ford, W., & Sanderson, W. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123129 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Per- and Poly-Fluoroalkyl Substances in Portuguese Rivers: Spatial-Temporal Monitoring
Barbosa, M. O., Ratola, N., Homem, V., Pereira, M. F. R., Silva, A. M. T., Ribeiro, A. R. L., Llorca, M., & Farré, M. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28031209 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Sardiña, P., Sharp, S., Saaristo, M., Coggan, T., Hoak, M., & Leahy, P. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125272 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationOlmsted, J. L., Ahmadireskety, A., Da Silva, B. F., Robey, N., Aristizabal-Henao, J. J., Bonzongo, J.-C. J., & Bowden, J. A. (2021) · Journal of Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001906 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sardiña, P., Leahy, P., Metzeling, L., Stevenson, G., & Hinwood, A.
- Affiliations
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria (AU)
- National Measurement Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Sardiña, Paula
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 695
- Pages
- 133842
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2968195438
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- emerging contaminants, legacy contaminants, aquatic ecosystem risk, hazard quotient, pesticides, bifenthrin, PFAS, PFOS, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, phthalates, short-chain chlorinated paraffins, urban land use, agricultural land use, surface water, sediment, soil, Melbourne
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
