Cited by 142Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactPesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 45 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The occurrence, distribution, and risks of PFAS at AFFF-impacted sites in Finland

Open access

Reinikainen, Jussi, Perkola, Noora, Äystö, Lauri, Sorvari, Jaana·2022·Science of The Total Environment

DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154237

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprise a wide group of persistent chemicals, whose ubiquitous occurrence in the environment, particularly due to their extensive use for fire suppression in aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs), has raised global attention. We evaluated the impacts of PFAS at three firefighting training sites and one industrial site in Finland, to highlight key elements to be considered in the retrospective risk assessment of these chemicals. The site assessments covered the occurrence and distribution of 23 PFAS in multiple environmental matrices, i.e., soil, sediment, surface water, groundwater, and biota, and the subsequent risks to human health and the environment owing to the migration of and exposure to the selected compounds. Our study showed that the extensive use of nowadays restricted or substituted PFAS, particularly PFOS, are still often the predominant compounds detected at AFFF-impacted sites and will continue to cause long-term risks to the environment. The most significant environmental or health risks at these sites are likely to concern aquatic ecosystems, fish consumption or groundwater usage due to the off-site migration of PFAS. Here, even a single fire extinguishing event can be a considerable contributor. We also illustrate that conventional procedures based on simple mass-balance, and exposure models, with a focus on PFOS and other site-specifically relevant PFAS may provide sufficient means to assess the risks. Moreover, we address that despite the exceedance of the very stringent regulatory threshold values issued recently for PFAS, the actual site-specific risks to human health and the environment may remain reasonably low.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154237

Cites

45 of 45 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment: Terminology, classification, and origins
Buck, R. C., Franklin, J., Berger, U., Conder, J. M., Cousins, I. T., de Voogt, P., Jensen, A. A., Kannan, K., Mabury, S. A., & van Leeuwen, S. P. (2011) · Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management · doi:10.1002/ieam.258 · Cited by 4,641
Global Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Wildlife
Giesy, J. P., & Kannan, K. (2001) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es001834k · Cited by 2,750
Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates
Prevedouros, K., Cousins, I. T., Buck, R. C., & Korzeniowski, S. H. (2006) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es0512475 · Cited by 2,594
Polyfluorinated Compounds: Past, Present, and Future
Lindstrom, A. B., Strynar, M. J., & Libelo, E. L. (2011) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es2011622 · Cited by 1,628
Are PFCAs Bioaccumulative? A Critical Review and Comparison with Regulatory Criteria and Persistent Lipophilic Compounds
Conder, J. M., Hoke, R. A., Wolf, W. D., Russell, M. H., & Buck, R. C. (2008) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es070895g · Cited by 1,206
Discovery of 40 Classes of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Historical Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs) and AFFF-Impacted Groundwater
Barzen-Hanson, K. A., Roberts, S. C., Choyke, S., Oetjen, K., McAlees, A., Riddell, N., McCrindle, R., Ferguson, P. L., Higgins, C. P., & Field, J. A. (2017) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b05843 · Cited by 873
PFAS Exposure Pathways for Humans and Wildlife: A Synthesis of Current Knowledge and Key Gaps in Understanding
De Silva, A. O., Armitage, J. M., Bruton, T. A., Dassuncao, C., Heiger-Bernays, W., Hu, X. C., Kärrman, A., Kelly, B., Ng, C., Robuck, A., et al. (2020) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1002/etc.4935 · Cited by 835
PFAS concentrations in soils: Background levels versus contaminated sites
Brusseau, M. L., Anderson, R. H., & Guo, B. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140017 · Cited by 817
Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the aquatic environment: a review of their occurrence and fate
Ahrens, L. (2011) · J. Environ. Monit. · doi:10.1039/c0em00373e · Cited by 759
Accumulation of perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in agricultural plants: A review
Ghisi, R., Vamerali, T., & Manzetti, S. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.023 · Cited by 705

Show all 45 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

2011, PFOS EQS dossier. Prepared by the Sub-Group on Review of the PrioritySubstances List (under Working Group E of the Common Implementation Startegy for theWater Framework Directive)
2020, Scientific Opinion on the risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food, EFSA Journal, 18

Sorted by citations

The untold story of PFAS alternatives: Insights into the occurrence, ecotoxicological impacts, and removal strategies in the aquatic environment
Hamid, N., Junaid, M., Sultan, M., Suman, T. Y., & Ong, M. C. (2023) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2023.121044 · Cited by 174
Environmental and health impacts of PFAS: Sources, distribution and sustainable management in North Carolina (USA)
Ehsan, M. N., Riza, M., Pervez, M. N., Khyum, M. M. O., Liang, Y., & Naddeo, V. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163123 · Cited by 136
A review of the occurrence and microbial transformation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted environments
Yan, P.-F., Dong, S., Pennell, K. D., & Cápiro, N. L. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171883 · Cited by 107
PFAS contamination in soil and sediment: Contribution of sources and environmental impacts on soil biota
Ehsan, M. N., Riza, M., Pervez, M. N., Li, C., Zorpas, A. A., & Naddeo, V. (2024) · Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100643 · Cited by 101
Interaction of microplastics with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water: A review of the fate, mechanisms and toxicity
Yu, F., Wu, J., Wang, H., Bao, Y., Xing, H., Ye, W., Li, X., & Huang, M. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175000 · Cited by 82
Occurrence, distribution, and input pathways of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in soils near different sources in Shanghai
Zhu, Q., Qian, J., Huang, S., Li, Q., Guo, L., Zeng, J., Zhang, W., Cao, X., & Yang, J. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119620 · Cited by 73
Inconsistencies in the EU regulatory risk assessment of PFAS call for readjustment
Reinikainen, J., Bouhoulle, E., & Sorvari, J. (2024) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2024.108614 · Cited by 72
Self-citation
Fate, distribution, and transport dynamics of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in the environment
Alam, M. S., Abbasi, A., & Chen, G. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123163 · Cited by 75
Forever legacies? Profiling historical PFAS contamination and current influence on groundwater used for drinking water
Sadia, M., Kunz, M., ter Laak, T. L., Jonge, M. D., Schriks, M., & van Wezel, A. P. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164420 · Cited by 60
Effect of physicochemical parameters on the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environment
Ohoro, C. R., Amaku, J. F., Conradie, J., Olisah, C., Akpomie, K. G., Malloum, A., Akpotu, S. O., Adegoke, K. A., Okeke, E. S., & Omotola, E. O. (2024) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.117040 · Cited by 56
Global Distribution, Ecotoxicity, and Treatment Technologies of Emerging Contaminants in Aquatic Environments: A Recent Five-Year Review
Li, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, S., Gao, T., Gao, Z., Lai, C. W., Xiang, P., & Yang, F. (2025) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics13080616 · Cited by 51
A combinational threat of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) as potential emerging vectors for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to human health
Dharshan, S. S., Ramamurthy, K., Priya, P. S., Sudhakaran, G., Guru, A., & Arockiaraj, J. (2024) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-024-13292-9 · Cited by 47
A review of sample collection and analytical methods for detecting per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in indoor and outdoor air
Wallace, M. A. G., Smeltz, M. G., Mattila, J. M., Liberatore, H. K., Jackson, S. R., Shields, E. P., Xhani, X., Li, E. Y., & Johansson, J. H. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142129 · Cited by 45
Integration of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Fingerprints in Fish with Machine Learning for PFAS Source Tracking in Surface Water
Stults, J. F., Higgins, C. P., & Helbling, D. E. (2023) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00278 · Cited by 40
National Assessment of PFAS in Landfill Leachate in China: Non-Negligible Ultrashort-Chain Components and Socioeconomic Impacts
Chen, T., He, X., Zhang, Q., He, A., Liu, C., Sun, Y., Wei, S., Chen, R., Li, L., Li, J., et al. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c03479 · Cited by 38
A genetically-encoded biosensor for direct detection of perfluorooctanoic acid
Mann, M. M., & Berger, B. W. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-41953-1 · Cited by 37
Preferential Partitioning of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Dissolved Organic Matter in Freshwater Surface Microlayer and Natural Foam
Sherman-Bertinetti, S. L., Kostelnik, E. G., Gruber, K. J., Balgooyen, S., & Remucal, C. K. (2024) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c02285 · Cited by 36
Toxic effects of three perfluorinated or polyfluorinated compounds (PFCs) on two strains of freshwater algae: Implications for ecological risk assessments
Zhang, L., Zheng, X., Liu, X., Li, J., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Zheng, N., Wang, X., & Fan, Z. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.042 · Cited by 34
Ultrasonic degradation of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) and foam fractionate (FF)
Awoyemi, O. S., Luo, Y., Niu, J., Naidu, R., & Fang, C. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142420 · Cited by 34
Efficient and fast remediation of soil contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by high-frequency heating
Sun, R., Babalol, S., Ni, R., Dolatabad, A. A., Cao, J., & Xiao, F. (2023) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132660 · Cited by 34
Target and suspect per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in fish from an AFFF-impacted waterway
Nilsen, E. B., Muensterman, D. J., Carini, L., Waite, I. R., Payne, S. E., Field, J. A., Peterson, J., Hafley, D., Farrer, D. G., & Jones, G. D. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167798 · Cited by 32
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in surface water and sediment in Great Lakes tributaries and relations with watershed attributes
Loken, L. C., Corsi, S. R., Alvarez, D. A., Pronschinske, M. A., Lenaker, P. L., Nott, M. A., Zhang, C., Mani, E., & Ankley, G. T. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1093/etojnl/vgaf077 · Cited by 31
Legacy and novel PFASs in wastewater, natural water, and drinking water: Occurrence in Western Countries vs China
Calore, F., Guolo, P. P., Wu, J., Xu, Q., Lu, J., & Marcomini, A. (2023) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2023.100228 · Cited by 33
Combustion of high-calorific industrial waste in conventional brick kilns: An emerging source of PFAS emissions to agricultural soils
Baqar, M., Saleem, R., Zhao, M., Zhao, L., Cheng, Z., Chen, H., Yao, Y., & Sun, H. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167612 · Cited by 31
Occurrence, source apportionment, and ecological risk of legacy and emerging per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the Dahei river basin of a typical arid region in China
Li, J., Li, X., An, R., Duan, L., & Wang, G. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.118111 · Cited by 30
Bioaccumulation and Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in a Stream and Riparian Food Web Contaminated by Food Processing Wastewater
Kotalik, C. J., Hubbard, L. E., Perrotta, B. G., Walters, D., Kolpin, D. W., Gray, J. L., Zachritz, A. M., Kraus, J. M., Givens, C. E., Lamberti, G. A., et al. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c04867 · Cited by 32
Surface Science View of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in the Environment
Brahana, P. J., Patel, R., & Bharti, B. (2024) · ACS Environmental Au · doi:10.1021/acsenvironau.3c00079 · Cited by 32
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contamination in agriculture and its potential conflict with circular economy
Islam, M. A., Parvin, M. I., Nguyen, C., Alam, M. R., Kwong, P. C. W., Zhou, J. L., Hessel, V., & Ahmed, M. B. (2025) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.127036 · Cited by 31
Occurrence, transformation, and transport of PFAS entering, leaving, and flowing past wastewater treatment plants with diverse land uses
Sigler, K., Messer, T. L., Ford, W., & Sanderson, W. (2024) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123129 · Cited by 27
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as contaminants in groundwater resources – A comprehensive review of subsurface transport processes
Rasmusson, K., & Fagerlund, F. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142663 · Cited by 31
A critical review on occurrence, speciation, mobilization, and toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the soil-microbe-plant system and bioremediation strategies
Goswami, L., Dikshit, P. K., Prakash, A., Vidanage, P. W., Verma, J. P., & Oh, S. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138743 · Cited by 30
PFAS in Water Systems: A Critical Review on Contamination Pathways, Analytical Methods, and Treatment Technologies
Bharti, S. (2025) · Water Conservation Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s41101-025-00415-7 · Cited by 30
Late lessons from early warnings on PFAS
Hansen, S. F., Bunde, C. T. H., Roy, M. A., Tickner, J. A., & Baun, A. (2024) · Nature Water · doi:10.1038/s44221-023-00168-4 · Cited by 31
Comparative immobilization of 30 PFAS mixtures onto biochar, clay, nanoparticle, and polymer derived engineered adsorbents: Machine learning insights into carbon chain length and removal mechanism
Hassan, M., Naidu, R., Qi, F., Wang, B., Wang, L., Srinivasulu, A., Deb, A. K., Du, J., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137742 · Cited by 25
PFAS in fish from AFFF-impacted environments: Analytical method development and field application at a Canadian international civilian airport
Carrizo, J. C., Munoz, G., Duy, S. V., Liu, M., Houde, M., Amé, M. V., Liu, J., & Sauvé, S. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163103 · Cited by 29
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in homegrown crops: Accumulation and human risk assessment
Lasters, R., Groffen, T., Eens, M., & Bervoets, L. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143208 · Cited by 26
Comprehensive monitoring and prioritizing for contaminants of emerging concern in the Upper Yangtze River, China: An integrated approach
Zhao, J., Guo, C., Yang, Q., Liu, W., Zhang, H., Luo, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, L., Chen, C., & Xu, J. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135835 · Cited by 24
A High Efficiency Method for the Extraction and Quantitative Analysis of 45 PFAS in Whole Fish
Balgooyen, S., Scott, M., Blackwell, B. R., Pulster, E. L., Mahon, M. B., Lepak, R. F., & Backe, W. J. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c10001 · Cited by 25
Occurrence of a “forever chemical” in the atmosphere above pristine Amazon Forest
Kourtchev, I., Sebben, B. G., Brill, S., Cybelli, G. G. B., Weber, B., Ferreira, R. R., D’Oliveira, F. A. F., Dias‐Júnior, C. Q., Popoola, O., Williams, J., et al. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173918 · Cited by 25
The Landscape of PFAS Contamination in the United States: Sources and Spatial Patterns
Garrett, K. K., Say, V., Ciaranca, S., Brown, P., Haberlack, E., Hopkins, C. A., Lengefeld, M. R., & Cordner, A. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c14474 · Cited by 29
Electrochemical oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using graphite substrate lead dioxide (GSLD) as anode: Investigating reaction mechanism, degradation byproducts and influences of process parameters
Das, A. K., & Adak, A. K. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.116869 · Cited by 19
Distribution patterns and influencing factors of PFAS in soils: A meta-analysis
Yang, X., Song, C., Ren, M., Kong, Y., & Cui, X. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121806 · Cited by 20
Surfactant-assisted ultrasonic degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Effect of surfactant concentration
Awoyemi, O. S., Naidu, R., & Fang, C. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146042 · Cited by 19
Stimulating Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6 in iron-rich, acidic sediments from AFFF-impacted sites for PFAS defluorination
Huang, S., Smorada, C., Schaefer, C. E., & Jaffé, P. R. (2024) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176801 · Cited by 17
Assessing PFAS in drinking water: Insights from the Czech Republic's risk-based monitoring approach
Kožíšek, F., Dvořáková, D., Kotal, F., Jeligová, H., Mayerová, L., Svobodová, V., Jurikova, M., Gomersall, V., & Pulkrábová, J. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143969 · Cited by 17
A source-based framework to estimate the annual load of PFAS in municipal wastewater
Krlovic, N., Saračević, E., Derx, J., Gundacker, C., Krampe, J., Zessner, M., & Zoboli, O. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170997 · Cited by 18
The first survey of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Hulun Lake, China: Occurrence, sources, and environmental impacts
Li, J., Li, X., Zhu, Y. Y., Wang, L., Ren, S., An, R., Zhang, Q., & Wang, G. (2024) · Emerging contaminants · doi:10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100431 · Cited by 19
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in environment and potential health impacts: Sources, remediation treatment and management, policy guidelines, destructive technologies, and techno-economic analysis
Chambial, P., Thakur, N., Kushawaha, J., & Kumar, R. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178803 · Cited by 20
Occurrence and Toxicity Mechanisms of Perfluorononanoic Acid, Perfluorodecanoic Acid, and Perfluoroundecanoic Acid in Fish: A Review
Ivantsova, E., Sultan, A., & Martyniuk, C. J. (2025) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics13060436 · Cited by 17
Exploring Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aquatic Fauna of Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Insights from a Low-Anthropized Area
Stecconi, T., Stramenga, A., Tavoloni, T., Bacchiocchi, S., Ciriaci, M., Griffoni, F., Palombo, P., Sagratini, G., Siracusa, M., & Piersanti, A. (2024) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics12030196 · Cited by 16
In vitro cytotoxicity of six per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human immune cell lines
McCall, J. R., Sausman, K. T., Brown, A. P., & Mead, R. N. (2024) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105910 · Cited by 15
Unraveling Human Hepatocellular Responses to PFAS and Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFFs) for Molecular Hazard Prioritization and In Vivo Translation
Mauge-Lewis, K., Ramaiahgari, S., Auerbach, S. S., Roberts, G., Waidyanatha, S., Fenton, S. E., Phadke, D. P., Balik-Meisner, M. R., Tandon, A., Mav, D., et al. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c10595 · Cited by 15
Lines in the landscape
Clifford, C., Bieroza, M., Clarke, S. J., Pickard, A., Stratigos, M. J., Hill, M. J., Raheem, N., Tatariw, C., Wood, P. J., Arismendi, I., et al. (2025) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-025-02699-y · Cited by 16
Biotransformation of Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide (FOSA) and Microbial Community Dynamics in Aerobic Soils
Yan, P.-F., Dong, S., Abriola, L. M., Pennell, K. D., & Cápiro, N. L. (2025) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.5c00033 · Cited by 14
Study of Organic Carbon-Containing Additives to Water Used in Fire Fighting, in Terms of Their Environmental Friendliness
Shcherbak, O., Лобойченко, В. М., Скоробагатько, Т. М., Шевченко, Р., Levterov, A., Pruskyi, A., Khrystych, V., Khmyrova, A., Fedorchuk-Moroz, V., & Bondarenko, S. (2024) · Fire Technology · doi:10.1007/s10694-024-01599-5 · Cited by 17
Accumulation and trophic transfer of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in estuarine organisms determined via stable isotopes
Shaffer, K. W., Ye, X., Lee, C., Shipley, O. N., McDonough, C. A., Venkatesan, A. K., & Gobler, C. J. (2025) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178742 · Cited by 17
Influence of Tension-Driven Flow on the Transport of AFFF in Unsaturated Media
Vahedian, F., Silva, J. A. K., Šimůnek, J., & McCray, J. E. (2024) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.3c00611 · Cited by 14
Occurrence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Potable Groundwater near Military Bases in South Korea
Kim, Y., Cho, A.-H., Seo, Y. E., Kho, Y., & Choi, K. (2025) · Environmental Science & Technology Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.5c00105 · Cited by 14
Comprehensive strategies for the remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Mechanisms, technologies, and future perspectives
Thakur, A., Khusnutdinova, A. N., Navarro-Márquez, M., Kumar, V., Ma, H., Golyshin, P. N., Lyu, T., Yakunin, A. F., Kumar, G., Nithya, K., et al. (2025) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119374 · Cited by 13
Global ecological and health risks of PFAS in surface soil
Wei, M., Chen, Z., Yang, K., Cao, L., Qiu, C., Zhou, L., Shi, Z., & Chen, S. (2025) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2025.109925 · Cited by 16
Mobilization of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from heterogeneous soils: Desorption by ethanol/xanthan gum mixture
Batikh, A., Colombano, S., Cochennec, M., Davarzani, H., Perrault, A., Lions, J., Grandclément, J., Guyonnet, D., Togola, A., Zornig, C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136496 · Cited by 12
Downward migration of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in lake sediments: Reconsideration of temporal trend analysis
Gao, Y., Yang, C., Feng, G., Zhang, B., Xu, Z.-Y., Wang, Y., Tleubergenova, A., Zhang, Y., & Meng, X. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138290 · Cited by 12
PFAS contamination and its rising toll on food security: A hidden global threat
Ohoro, C. R., & Ngole-Jeme, V. M. (2025) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111611 · Cited by 12
Direct measurement of PFAS levels in surface water using an engineered biosensor
Mann, M. M., Kartseva, V., Stanley, C., Blumenthal, M., Silliboy, R., & Berger, B. W. (2024) · RSC Sustainability · doi:10.1039/d4su00349g · Cited by 11
Soil amendments reduce PFAS bioaccumulation in Eisenia fetida following exposure to AFFF-impacted soil
Cáceres, T. P., Jones, R., Kastury, F., & Juhasz, A. L. (2024) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124489 · Cited by 11
Per- and Poly-fluoroalkyl Substances Regulatory Frameworks, Sources, and Occurrence: Trend, Concern, and Implication
Alam, M. S., & Chen, G. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research · doi:10.1007/s41742-025-00851-2 · Cited by 9
From Sources to Environmental Risks: Research Progress on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in River and Lake Environments
Zhou, Z., Deng, F., Nie, J., Li, H., Jiang, X., Wang, S., & Guo, Y. (2025) · Water · doi:10.3390/w17213061 · Cited by 8
Global Inventory of Fluoropolymer Production Plants and Their Associated PFAS Environmental Contamination
Miller, A. J., Kleemann, K., Glüge, J., Lohmann, R., Cousins, I. T., Herzke, D., Miller, M. F., Rensmo, A., Trier, X., Wang, Z., et al. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c18001 · Cited by 11
Environmental occurrence of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid from sulfluramid-based ant bait usage and its ecotoxicological risks
Guida, Y., Barizon, R. R. M., Kummrow, F., Menezes-Sousa, D., Assalin, M. R., Rosa, M. A., Pazianotto, R. A. A., & Lana, J. T. D. O. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121851 · Cited by 8
Particle and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations from different types of fire extinguishers
Lee, M., Tsai, P., & Yoon, C. (2025) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138776 · Cited by 8
Assessing the suitability of leachability-based screening levels for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) risk assessment
Thompson, J. T., Lott, D. J., Lin, A. M., Bowden, J. A., Stuchal, L. D., & Townsend, T. G. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172430 · Cited by 6
Out of sight, into the spotlight: Beyond the current state of science on per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in groundwater
Umeh, O. R., Ibo, E. M., Eke, C. I., & Ophori, D. U. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123941 · Cited by 6
Target analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in surface water: Occurrence, seasonal trends, and risk-based prioritization in the Minjiang River
Zhang, H., Wang, X.-Y., Zheng, Y.-H., Hu, J.-R., Li, X.-L., Yin, H.-L., Xiao, R., Zhu, X.-L., Chen, T., & Chen, H. (2025) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179748 · Cited by 5
Global Occurrence and Distribution of PFAS in Groundwater with Emphasis on PFOA and PFOS
Brindha, K., & Cao, F. (2025) · Emerging contaminants and associated treatment technologies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89591-3_5 · Cited by 5
A Review of the International Management Practice and Treatment Technology of Solid Waste Containing Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid
Fu, J., Zhang, S., Zhan, M., Ding, J., Xu, X., Ye, W., Ma, H.-C., Chen, T., Jiao, W., Peng, Z. Q., et al. (2023) · Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s44169-023-00049-7 · Cited by 5
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) mass flux and mass balance at an aqueous film-forming foam release site in semiarid eastern New Mexico, USA
Gray, E. L., Potteiger, S. E., Brannon, T. D., Norton, S. B., Cho, J., & Annable, M. D. (2025) · Journal of Contaminant Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104550 · Cited by 4
Visualizing PFAS Trends at a South Dakota AFFF‐Impacted Site
Carey, G. R., Krebs, R. K., Carey, G. T., Rebeiro‐Tunstall, M., Duncan, J. S., Carey, G. N., & Rooney, K. (2025) · Remediation Journal · doi:10.1002/rem.70023 · Cited by 4
Emerging Pollutants as Chemical Additives in the Petroleum Industry: A Review of Functional Uses, Environmental Challenges and Sustainable Control Strategies
Wang, L., Long, Z., Gu, T., Ju, F., Zhen, H., Luan, H., Xiu, G., & Tang, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17198559 · Cited by 5
Recent advances and challenges of analytical methods for detection of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Phan, L. Q., Nguyen, K. G., & Tran, T. V. (2026) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d5ra05298j · Cited by 4
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment and human tissue: A critical review of distribution, exposure pathways, and health risks
Zhenyu, Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Qu, H., Ma, J., Pang, M., Wang, B., & Yu, G. (2026) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127988 · Cited by 8
A review on carbon-based materials for the adsorptive removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from the environment
Baffoe, J., Issaka, E., & Danso‐Boateng, E. (2026) · AIMS environmental science · doi:10.3934/environsci.2026010 · Cited by 4
Assessing PFAS fingerprints and precursor burden in AFFF-impacted waters and sediments: An operational screening framework
Park, J.-H., Choi, S., Kim, T., Kim, M.-K., & Zoh, K. (2026) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2026.125884 · Cited by 4
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the natural water systems of China: A meta analysis and risk assessment
Wang, M., Xu, X., Huang, H., Zhang, Y., & Chen, J. (2025) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2025.04.075 · Cited by 4
Modulation of irrigation-induced microbial nitrogen‑iron redox to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances' water-soil interface release in paddy fields: Activation or immobilization?
Wu, J.-Y., Li, L., Chen, M., Liu, M., & Tu, W. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177377 · Cited by 4
Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Migration from Water to Soil–Plant Systems, Health Risks, and Implications for Remediation
Gunarathne, V., Vithanage, M. S., & Rinklebe, J. (2023) · One Health · doi:10.1002/9781119867333.ch10 · Cited by 4
Exploring the variability of PFAS in urban sewage: a comparison of emissions in commercial versus municipal urban areas
N., K., E., S., J., D., C., G., J., K., N., K., M., Z., & O., Z. (2024) · Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d4em00415a · Cited by 3
Occurrence, distribution, source apportionment, and health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Nakdong River Basin, South Korea
Lee, C., Kim, S., Kim, L., Lee, H., Kim, T.-J., & Yang, M. (2025) · Journal of Analytical Science & Technology · doi:10.1186/s40543-025-00519-8 · Cited by 4
Ferroptosis-Centered Mitochondria–ROS Loop Drives PFOS-Induced Renal Dysfunction, from Epidemiological Evidence to Mechanistic Insights with Mice Model
Lin, D., Liu, T., Hang, X., Yu, X., Liu, X., Xu, Y., Gui, Z., Liu, J., Kuang, Z., Li, T., et al. (2026) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14271 · Cited by 3
Microbial biodegradation of PFOS and PFPrA by Delftia acidovorans: Insights into microbial degradation pathways
Khanthong, K., Virpiranta, H., Ren, Z., Bergmann, U., & Leiviskä, T. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.176800 · Cited by 3
Bioaccumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and oxidative stress in snapping turtles in New York, USA
Neilsen, K., Paul, E. A., Humphreys, B., Rahn, G., & Townsend, A. K. (2025) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-025-35969-5 · Cited by 3
Destruction of Concentrated Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Nonthermal Plasma Technology
Saqib, S., Mukhtar, A., Conlee, B., Morenas, B., Zhu, J., & Wu, S. (2025) · Journal of Water Process Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108594 · Cited by 2
Perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid: Overview of the source, distribution, and enhanced biodegradation approaches
Addou, A. M., Li, R., Li, C., Jin, L., & Li, H. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.120377 · Cited by 3
A structured forensic framework for PFAS source differentiation under target-only analytical constraints
Zenobio, J. E., Pazoki, F., Forsberg, A., & Chiang, S. D. (2026) · Frontiers in Environmental Engineering · doi:10.3389/fenve.2026.1766573 · Cited by 2
Decades-long distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in global surface waters: Spatiotemporal variability and future trends
Hua, Z., Gao, C., Guo, P., Li, X., & Gu, L. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142720 · Cited by 2
From Adsorption to Destruction: A Cross-Media Evaluation of PFAS Removal Technologies
Uddin, M. N., Islam, M. S., Samwini, A. M.-N., Talukder, B., Badsha, M. A. H., & Kang, D. H. (2026) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.112099 · Cited by 2
Deteriorating Women's Health Due to Rising Exposure to Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Review
Sand, T., & Kumari, R. (2024) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/20248601018 · Cited by 3
Microplastics Interactions with PFAS and Co-transport in the Soil
Mahmoud, A. E. D., El‐Sherif, D. M., & Abdallah, G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-6461-7_5 · Cited by 2
Per- and poly fluorinated substances: The poison in our waters – A call to action for India's aquatic future
Puttamreddy, S., Ramesh, S. B., Nippatlapalli, N., & Allabakshi, S. M. (2024) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2024.115114 · Cited by 3
Evaluating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) prevalence and potential for biological effects in Lake Superior tributaries
Pronschinske, M. A., Corsi, S. R., Elliott, S. M., Shafer, M. M., Hannon, K. M., Gruber, K. J., & Remucal, C. K. (2025) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1093/etojnl/vgaf073 · Cited by 4
PFAS ubiquity as corporate accomplishment: Whiteness in early Teflon advertisements
Richter, L., & Poudrier, G. (2025) · Geographical Research · doi:10.1111/1745-5871.70036 · Cited by 2

Authors: Reinikainen, J., Perkola, N., Äystö, L., & Sorvari, J.
Affiliations: Finnish Environment Institute (FI)
Corresponding author: Reinikainen, Jussi
ORCID: Reinikainen, Jussi
Perkola, Noora
Äystö, Lauri
Sorvari, Jaana
Venue: Science of The Total Environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2022-07
Volume: 829
Pages: 154237
ISSN: 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154237
OpenAlex: W4221102463
Cited by: 142
References: 45
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 2
FWCI: 8.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Ympäristöministeriö
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
Keywords: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, PFAS, aqueous film-forming foam, PFOS, environmental contamination, groundwater contamination, aquatic ecosystems, fish consumption risk, exposure assessment, mass balance, Finland
MeSH terms: Animals, Finland, Fluorocarbons, Retrospective Studies, Water, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Ecosystem

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The occurrence, distribution, and risks of PFAS at AFFF-impacted sites in Finland

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks