Global Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Wildlife

Giesy, John P.; Kannan, Kurunthachalam

doi:10.1021/es001834k

Cited by 2,750Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactEnvironmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology

Global Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Wildlife

Giesy, John P., Kannan, Kurunthachalam·2001·Environmental Science & Technology

DOI 10.1021/es001834k

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Abstract

Here we report, for the first time, on the global distribution of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a fluorinated organic contaminant. PFOS was measured in the tissues of wildlife, including, fish, birds, and marine mammals. Some of the species studied include bald eagles, polar bears, albatrosses, and various species of seals. Samples were collected from urbanized areas in North America, especially the Great Lakes region and coastal marine areas and rivers, and Europe. Samples were also collected from a number of more remote, less urbanized locations such as the Arctic and the North Pacific Oceans. The results demonstrated that PFOS is widespread in the environment. Concentrations of PFOS in animals from relatively more populated and industrialized regions, such as the North American Great Lakes, Baltic Sea, and Mediterranean Sea,were greaterthan those in animals from remote marine locations. Fish-eating, predatory animals such as mink and bald eagles contained concentrations of PFOS that were greater than the concentrations in their diets. This suggests that PFOS can bioaccumulate to higher trophic levels of the food chain. Currently available data indicate that the concentrations of PFOS in wildlife are less than those required to cause adverse effects in laboratory animals.

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PFASs can accumulate in soil, water bodies, and living organisms, including humans, where they may exert adverse biological effects.
“These substances can accumulate in soil, water bodies, and living organisms, including humans, where they may exert adverse biological effects [4,5].”
From Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Healthcare: Environmental and Clinical Insights (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
PFAS have attracted much attention since early 2000s when ubiquity and potential risk of PFOA and PFOS were reported.
“PFAS have attracted much attention since the early 2000s, when the ubiquity and potential risk of two most famous PFAS (i.e., legacy PFAS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were reported (Giesy and Kannan, 2001).”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the marine environment: An overview and prospects (2025) · cites this paper as Giesy and Kannan, 2001
PFAS detection in the environment was reported for the first time in the 1990s.
“PFAS detection in the environment was reported for the first time in the 1990s (Giesy and Kannan, 2001).”
From Per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as a contaminant of emerging concern in surface water: A transboundary review of their occurrences and toxicity effects (2021) · cites this paper as Giesy and Kannan, 2001
PFASs are man-made chemicals that have been used for almost 70 years, and some have been identified as global contaminants since 2001.
“Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a general class of man-made chemicals that have been used for almost 70 years, but only since 2001 have some of these been identified as global contaminants [1,2].”
From High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods for nontarget discovery and characterization of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in environmental and human samples (2019) · cites this paper as [2]

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Authors: Giesy, J. P., & Kannan, K.
Affiliations: Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author: Giesy, John P.
ORCID: Giesy, John P.
Kannan, Kurunthachalam
Venue: Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 2001-03-01
Volume: 35
Issue: 7
Pages: 1339-1342
ISSN: 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
1520-5851
DOI: 10.1021/es001834k
OpenAlex: W1976770880
Cited by: 2,750
References: 10
Citations by year: 2026: 123 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 143 · 2021: 155 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 109 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 93 · 2016: 115 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 117
FWCI: 37.11
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
Keywords: PFOS, global distribution, wildlife contamination, bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, fish, birds, marine mammals, bald eagle, polar bear, albatrosses, seals, Great Lakes, Arctic, North Pacific, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea
MeSH terms: Animals, Animals, Wild, Ursidae, Birds, Diet, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Fluorocarbons, Tissue Distribution, Food Chain, Seals, Earless

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Global Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Wildlife

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