Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for sustainable biofuel production: Advancements, challenges, and future prospects

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Critical impacts of pyrolysis conditions and activation methods on application-oriented production of wood waste-derived biochar

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A review on nitrogen transformation in hydrochar during hydrothermal carbonization of biomass containing nitrogen

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Effects of temperature, time and acidity of hydrothermal carbonization on the hydrochar properties and nitrogen recovery from corn stover

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Advancing hydrothermal carbonization: Assessing hydrochar's role and challenges in carbon sequestration

Luo, X., Pei, X., Zhang, X., Du, H., Ju, L., Li, S., Chen, L., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2025.121023 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Recycling food waste to agriculture through hydrothermal carbonization sustains food-energy-water nexus

Xu, H., Chen, T., Shan, Y., Chen, K., Ling, N., Ren, L., Qu, H., Berge, N. D., Flora, J. R. V., Goel, R., et al. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.153710 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Waste-derived carbon nanostructures (WD-CNs): An innovative step toward waste to treasury

Omar, R. A., Talreja, N., Chuhan, D., & Ashfaq, M. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.118096 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Hydrochar from winemaking industry wastes as solid biofuel: A thermal and kinetic analysis of pyrolysis and combustion

Cardarelli, A., & Barbanera, M. (2024) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2024.132256 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Production of hydrochar from the hydrothermal carbonisation of food waste feedstock for use as an adsorbent in removal of heavy metals from water

Pasipanodya, D., Seedat, N., Patel, B., & Roopchund, R. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-06097-w · Cited by 25 · see citing works

A critical review on preparation, property prediction and application of sludge co-hydrothermal carbonization hydrochar as solid fuel

Gong, M., Liu, P., Xu, F., Qiao, X., Feng, J., Su, Y., & Fan, Y. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.116458 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Dry torrefaction and continuous thermochemical conversion for upgrading agroforestry waste into eco-friendly energy carriers: Current progress and future prospect

Sun, S., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Wu, C., Zhang, X., Bai, J., & Sun, B. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167061 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Enhanced hydrothermal liquefaction of shale oil sludge: Exploring catalyst combinations and synergistic effects of Fe, Na2CO3, and Ni/Al2O3

Cui, D., Zhang, P., Wu, S., Luk, H. M., Wu, Y., Liu, B., Pan, S., Bai, J., Wang, Q., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.134639 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Enhancement of volatile fatty acids to extremely high content in fermentation of food waste: Optimization of conditions, microbial functional genes, and mechanisms

Sun, Y., Sun, Y., Ren, X., Xuan, Y., Liu, M., Bai, G., & Jiang, F. (2024) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131735 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Innovations in food waste management: from resource recovery to sustainable solutions

Xiao, N., Kong, L., Wei, M., Hu, X., & Li, O. (2024) · Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1007/s42768-024-00201-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Evolution characteristics and mechanism of carbon structure during co-hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge and sub-bituminous coal

Yang, X., Wang, B., Song, X., & Cheng, F. (2023) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140382 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Comparative study on combustion characteristics of biomass digestate-derived pyrochar and hydrochar: Insights from structural composition and oxygen-containing groups

Wen, H., Li, J., Wang, X., Mao, W., He, Y., Cao, X., Yang, H., Zhang, J., Xu, S., & Gu, L. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134627 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies of ternary molten salts for high-temperature thermal energy storage

Wu, C., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Sun, S., Cui, D., Pan, S., & Sheng, H. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.109220 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Optimization of hydrochar synthesis conditions for enhanced Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption in mono and multimetallic systems

González-Fernández, L. A., Medellín-Castillo, N. A., Navarro-Frómeta, A. E., Ramos, V. C., Sánchez‐Polo, M., & Carrasco-Marı́n, F. (2024) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2024.119651 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Production of hydrochar fuel by microwave-hydrothermal carbonisation of olive pomace slurry from olive oil industry for combustion application

Karim, A. A., Martínez‐Cartas, M. L., & Cuevas-Aranda, M. (2024) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106801 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Comprehensive insights into the impacts of capsaicin on food waste dark fermentation for hydrogen production: Characteristics of fermentation products, microbial community and metabolic pathways

Zhang, J., Li, Y., Xiao, W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, P., Chen, L., Fang, W., Zhang, G., Tao, X., & Li, Y. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.160711 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Source discrimination by classical characterization methods, FTIR and statistical analysis – a prerequisite for thermochemical conversion of agriculture biomass residues by torrefaction and pyrolysis

Brebu, M. A., Butnaru, E., Stoleru, E., & Sim, S. F. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2025.137637 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Insights into the evolution of chemical structure and pyrolysis reactivity of PVC-derived hydrochar during hydrothermal carbonization

Zhang, L., Wang, Q., Xu, F., & Wang, Z. (2023) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/d3ra04986h · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Biomass valorization of liquid whey into carbon quantum dots via hydrothermal process for food pathogenic bactericidal activity and photocatalytic degradation of brilliant red dye

Thakur, S., Bains, A., Kumar, A., Gökşen, G., Yaqoob, M., Parvez, M. K., Al-Dosari, M. S., & Chawla, P. (2024) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.103764 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Sustainable Strategies for Converting Organic, Electronic, and Plastic Waste From Municipal Solid Waste Into Functional Materials

Gouda, A., Merhi, N., Hmadeh, M., Cecchi, T., Santato, C., & Sain, M. M. (2025) · Global Challenges · doi:10.1002/gch2.202400240 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Comprehensive utilization for hydrothermal conversion products of food waste

Bao, R., Wang, S., Feng, J., Liu, K., Liu, H., Zhang, F., Duan, Y., Li, Z., & Yang, J. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142115 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Recent advances in Biomass-Derived hydrochar for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic applications

Meng, X., Liu, X., Zeng, D., Huang, Y., Wang, H., Li, Z., & Yu, C. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2025.121435 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Design approach for the sustainable synthesis of sulfonated biomass-derived hydrochars and pyrochars for the production of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural

Licursi, D., Galletti, A. M. R., Bertini, B., Ardemani, L., Scotti, N., Fidio, N. D., Fulignati, S., & Antonetti, C. (2023) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2023.101216 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Postliminary treatment of food-waste digestate via combined hydrothermal carbonization and microbial fuel cell for bio-energy recovery: a comparative life cycle impact assessment

Yadav, S., Doki, M. M., Ghangrekar, M. M., & Dubey, B. (2024) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d4gc04081c · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Bio-coal Synthesis via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Giant Salvinia for a High-Quality Solid Biofuel

Phuthongkhao, P., Khunphonoi, R., Khemthong, P., Suwannaruang, T., & Wantala‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬, K. (2024) · BioEnergy Research · doi:10.1007/s12155-024-10766-z · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Hydrothermal carbonization of woody waste: Changes in the physicochemical properties and the structural evolution mechanisms of hydrochar during this process

Yang, C., Xia, P., Zhao, L., Wang, K., Wang, B., Huang, R., Yang, H., & Yao, Y. (2024) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143524 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Capturing differences in the release potential of dissolved organic matter from biochar and hydrochar: Insights from component characterization and molecular identification

Ji, R., Yang, Y., Wu, Y., Zhu, C., Min, J., Liu, C., Zhang, L., Cheng, H., Xue, J., & Zhou, D. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177209 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Effect of CaO addition on the migration behavior of nitrogen and sulfur during Beipiao oil shale combustion

Wu, S., Wang, Q., Chen, G., Cui, D., Wu, D., Bai, J., Liu, B., & Shan, M. (2024) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.132270 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Evaluation of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass residues for bioenergy: A life-cycle based comparison against incumbent technologies

Owsianiak, M., Fózer, D., Chrzanowski, Ł., Renz, M., Nowacki, B., & Ryberg, M. W. (2024) · EFB Bioeconomy Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bioeco.2024.100069 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Hydrothermal conversion behavior of Chinese medicine residues and pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of hydrochars

Luo, Y., Mi, T., Huang, F., Kuang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Zheng, C., Zhou, X. H., Xin, S., & Liu, X. (2024) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133776 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Influence of externally added organic or inorganic acids on evolution of property of hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization of potato peel

Naeem, M. M., Kousar, S., Jiang, Y., Fan, M., Inkoua, S., Zhang, S., & Hu, X. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108393 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Hydrothermal carbonization vs. pyrolysis in the race for sustainable solid biofuels: A comparative review

Milenković, M., Pašti, T. D. L., Baena‐Moreno, F. M., Marinović-Cincović, M. T., Porobić, S., & Simić, M. (2026) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2026.138967 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Hydrothermal carbonization of sugar beet pulp: optimization and characterization

Uzun, Z. Y. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05474-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Interaction effects between three typical components of municipal solid waste during their co-hydrothermal carbonization and co-gasification

Yang, Y., Zhou, Z., Wang, J., Wei, J., Bai, Y., Ding, L., Zhang, Y., Song, X., Su, W., Lv, P. F., et al. (2024) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2024.106570 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

An extensive analysis of the utilisation of phase change materials in food storage process

Han, L., Zhang, S., Wright, E., Zheng, X., & Yan, Y. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.115391 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Recent Advances in Hydrothermal Carbonization of Food Waste Derived Bioproducts: Valorization Approaches, Applications, and the Prospective Assessment

Hayder, A., Mazhkoo, S., Patel, V., Norouzi, O., Santos, R. M., & Dutta, A. (2025) · Waste and Biomass Valorization · doi:10.1007/s12649-025-02946-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Migration Mechanism of Chlorine during Hydrothermal Treatment of Rigid PVC Plastics

Zhang, L., Wang, Q., Xu, F., & Wang, Z. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16175840 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Facile modification strategies on hydrochar-based carbon particles with hydrothermal carbonization from green pistachio hulls for the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions

Öç, S., Teğin, İ., Yabalak, E., & Saka, C. (2023) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-023-05242-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Continuous Hydrothermal Carbonization of Olive Pomace and Orange Peels for the Production of Pellets as an Intermediate Energy Carrier

Zijlstra, D. S., Visser, M., Cobussen-Pool, E., Slort, D. J., Nanou, P., Pels, J. R., & Wray, H. E. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16020850 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Comprehensive evaluation of product characteristics and energy consumption in hydrothermal carbonization of food waste anaerobic digestate: A perspective on phosphorus recovery and fuel properties

Han, M., Liu, H., Chen, D., Feng, Y., Tang, Y., Zhang, Q., An, Q., Hu, W., Jin, Z., & Yan, K. (2024) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2024.121168 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Hydrothermal carbonization materials of leather and paper mill sludge for solid biofuel applications

Senthil, R. (2025) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2025.106976 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

A comprehensive review of advancements and challenges in hydrogen production from thermochemical and biological conversion of food waste: The path forward

Safdar, R., Mahari, W. A. W., Foong, S. Y., Chan, Y. H., Liew, R. K., Lan, J. C., Rajamohan, N., Verma, M., Peng, W., & Lam, S. S. (2025) · International Journal of Hydrogen Energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.04.359 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of pomelo peel and gasifier coke for production of fuel pellets: Complementarity of feedstocks and synergistic effects

Zhang, Y., Fakudze, S., Han, X., Zhang, Y., Zhou, J., & Chen, J. (2024) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131131 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Enhancing biomethane production from food waste hydrothermal carbonization liquid through catalyst addition and process optimization

Rasaq, W. A., Valentin, M. T., Świechowski, K., Igwegbe, C. A., & Białowiec, A. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134471 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Municipal solid waste valorization to biofuel production: Comparative evaluation, policies, challenges, and practices

Imran, S., Hussain, M., Akhter, P., Jamil, F., Musaddiq, S., Allahyari, S., & Park, Y.-K. (2025) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2025.106099 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Effect of process variables on hydrothermal carbonization of food waste

Ajagbe, Y. O., Durukan, İ., Ercan, B., Alper, K., Uçar, S., Tekin, K., & Karagöz, S. (2025) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2025.102119 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of food wastes and lignocellulose-derived kitchen wastes: Product characteristics, synergistic mechanism and pyrolysis kinetics of hydrochars

Wei, X. L., Ma, Z., Wang, T., Jin, S., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Yu, Y. (2025) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2025.124162 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Ecotoxicity assessment of hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization of biomass waste

Colin, J., Sarrión, A., Díaz, E., la Rubia, M. A. D., & Mohedano, A. F. (2025) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2025.101909 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Comprehensive assessment of biochar derived from thermochemical processing of food waste digestate: Properties, preparation factors, and applications

Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Li, J., Yan, B., Wu, W., Chen, G., Cui, X., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis · doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2025.107039 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Exploring the Gas Permeability of Type IV Hydrogen Storage Cylinder Liners: Research and Applications

Li, X., Wang, Q., Wu, S., Wu, D., Wu, C., Cui, D., & Bai, J. (2025) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma18133127 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Recent progress in food waste-derived porous carbons for supercapacitors

Guo, S., Zhang, D., Zhao, Y., Qu, H., Li, X., & Shen, Y. (2025) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d5gc05691h · Cited by 8 · see citing works

From Upstream Assessment to Downstream Energy Conversion: A Systematic Review of Advances in Biomass Residue Utilization Techniques

Kabir, M., Cortés, I. L., Gisbert, C. M. F., Moposita-Vasquez, D.-D., & Velázquez-Martí, B. (2026) · Biomass · doi:10.3390/biomass6020024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Catalyzed Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Oat Husks for Integrated Production of Furfural and Lignocellulosic Residue

Puķe, M., Godiņa, D., & Brazdausks, P. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16050707 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Novel insights into released hydrochar particle derived from typical high nitrogen waste biomass: Special properties, microstructure and formation mechanism

Guo, W., Zhang, Z., Wang, B., Xue, L., & Feng, Y. (2024) · Waste Management · doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.024 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Impact of key parameters on the hydrothermal carbonization process of sewage sludge: A systematic review

Canencio, K. N. P., Montaño, M. E. A., Giona, R. M., & Bail, A. (2024) · Environmental Engineering Research · doi:10.4491/eer.2024.247 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Hydrothermal valorization of alcohol industry residues: Current advances and future directions

Chen, M., Meng, X., Yang, J., Leng, L., Zhan, H., & Li, H. (2025) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135340 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Lignocellulosic-based hydrochars: Synthesis, characterization and application in water decontamination

Sánchez-Silva, J. M., Aguilar‐Aguilar, A., Sangaré, D., & Ocampo‐Pérez, R. (2025) · Next Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.nxsust.2025.100150 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Recovery of Isoamyl Alcohol by Graphene Oxide Immobilized Membrane and Air-Sparged Membrane Distillation

Bhoumick, M. C., Paul, S., Roy, S., Harvey, B. G., & Mitra, S. (2024) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes14020049 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of styrofoam and sawdust: fuel properties evaluation and effect of water recirculation on hydrochar properties

Sultana, N., Islam, M. A., Liu, Z., Hameed, B. H., & Islam, M. A. (2024) · Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery · doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05412-9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Effect of aqueous phase recirculation on product characteristics from hydrothermal carbonation of kitchen waste and the migration of O

Wei, X. L., Wang, T., Jin, S., Ma, Z., Li, Y., Yu, Y., & Wu, S. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.115958 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

Potential mechanisms and application of biochar in electrochemical systems

Pandit, C., Wang, C., & Ong, H. C. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126351 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Porous Carbon Derived From Food Waste for Asymmetric Supercapacitor

Huynh, K., Umeda, I., Maddipudi, B., Shende, A. R., Kumar, S., & Shende, R. V. (2025) · Energy Storage · doi:10.1002/est2.70230 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

From plant-based food waste to biochar: A green strategy for agri-food supply chain waste valorization–a comprehensive review

Chen, X., Hao, Y., Lin, W., Xie, L., Yang, R., Xiang, W., Gong, Z., Feng, G., Liu, H., & Tang, J. (2025) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105385 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Advanced upcycling of food waste into energy and valuable products: a comprehensive review of technologies, sustainability, and economic aspects

Thanigaivel, S., Kamalesh, R., Kadirvel, V., Yaashikaa, P. R., Saravanan, A., & Vickram, A. S. (2026) · Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1007/s42768-026-00287-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Hydrochar-Promoted Methane Production in Mesophilic and Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Hydrothermal Pre-Treated Sludge

Jing, C., Zhang, C., Luo, X., & Zheng, Z. (2023) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation10010010 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Volarization of agro farm yard waste into bioenergy: present state and future directions

Asfaw, B. T., Gari, M. T., Jeyapaul, A. S., Jayakumar, M., & Baskar, G. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29254-5.00008-4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Sustainable removal of organic pollutants using flax shives-derived hydrochar

Rajput, H., Anh, K. N., Changotra, R., Sun, X., Zhong, X., & He, Q. (2025) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.108209 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Degradation of toxic components in kitchen waste during hydrothermal carbonization process

Zhang, X., Liu, H., Yang, G., & Yao, H. (2024) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2024.155746 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Efficient CO2 adsorption by deoiled flaxseed hydrochar

Arefizadeh, M., Behvandi, D., Shahhosseini, S., & Ghaemi, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78177-w · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Co-hydrothermal carbonization of food wastes and waste plastic bottles: Physicochemical properties, pyrolysis kinetics and thermodynamic of hydrochars

Jin, S., Ma, Z., Wang, T., Wei, X. L., Li, Y., Wang, Y., & Yu, Y. (2025) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137854 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Hydrothermal carbonization of model compounds of municipal sludge: Effects of reaction conditions and aqueous phase recirculation

Feng, Y., Hu, X., Xue, Y., Tang, X., Xu, D., Zhang, Y., & Wu, Y. (2025) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2025.119889 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Hydrothermal carbonization of food waste as sustainable energy conversion path

Le, H. S., Chen, W., Ahmed, S. F., Said, Z., Rafa, N., Tuấn, L. A., Ağbulut, Ü., Veza, I., Nguyễn, X. P., Duong, X. Q., et al. (2022) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127958 · Cited by 101 · see citing works

Hydrothermal Conversion of Food Waste to Carbonaceous Solid Fuel—A Review of Recent Developments

Khan, M. A., Hameed, B. H., Siddiqui, M. R., ALOthman, Z. A., & Alsohaimi, I. H. (2022) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods11244036 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Hydrothermal carbonisation for the conversion of food waste to energy products

Borbolla-Gaxiola, J. E. (2022) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)

Influence of temperature and process water circulation on hydrothermal carbonization of food waste for sustainable fuel production

Wu, S., Wang, Q., Wu, D., Cui, D., Wu, C., Bai, J., Xu, F., Liu, B., Shan, Z., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2023.101459 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Effect of process variables on hydrothermal carbonization of food waste

Ajagbe, Y. O., Durukan, İ., Ercan, B., Alper, K., Uçar, S., Tekin, K., & Karagöz, S. (2025) · Journal of the Energy Institute · doi:10.1016/j.joei.2025.102119 · Cited by 9 · see citing works