Cited by 163DNA Repair MechanismsCancer-related Molecular PathwaysGenetic factors in colorectal cancer

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 241 of the 251 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

DNA replication fidelity and cancer

Open access

Preston, Bradley D., Albertson, Tina M., Herr, Alan J.·2010·Seminars in Cancer Biology

DOI 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.009PMC PMC2993855

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Cancer is fueled by mutations and driven by adaptive selection. Normal cells avoid deleterious mutations by replicating their genomes with extraordinary accuracy. Here we review the pathways governing DNA replication fidelity and discuss evidence implicating replication errors (point mutation instability or PIN) in carcinogenesis.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.009

Cites

241 of 241 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The hallmarks of cancer
Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81683-9 · Cited by 29,219
The Clonal Evolution of Tumor Cell Populations: Acquired genetic lability permits stepwise selection of variant sublines and underlies tumor progression.
Nowell, P. C. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.959840 · Cited by 6,471
DNA Repair and Mutagenesis
Friedberg, E. C., Walker, G. C., Siede, W., Wood, R. D., Schultz, R. A., & Ellenberger, T. (2005) · doi:10.1128/9781555816704 · Cited by 5,683
Instability and decay of the primary structure of DNA
Lindahl, T. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362709a0 · Cited by 5,679
Cancer genes and the pathways they control
Vogelstein, B., & Kinzler, K. W. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1087 · Cited by 4,346
Genetic instabilities in human cancers
Lengauer, C., Kinzler, K. W., & Vogelstein, B. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/25292 · Cited by 4,168 · cited 3×
“[14].”
Background
Genome maintenance mechanisms for preventing cancer
Hoeijmakers, J. H. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35077232 · Cited by 3,939
The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
Fishel, R. A., Lescoe, M. K., Rao, M. R. S., Copeland, N. G., Jenkins, N. A., Garber, J. E., Kane, M., & Kolodner, R. D. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90546-3 · Cited by 2,884
Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer
Boland, C. R., & Goel, A. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.064 · Cited by 2,456
Genomic instability — an evolving hallmark of cancer
Negrini, S., Gorgoulis, V. G., & Halazonetis, T. D. (2010) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2858 · Cited by 2,397

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 251 references

10 of the 251 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

Zhou, 2003, Highly conserved region of the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon in human breast cancer, Exp Oncol, 25, 206
Boveri, 1902, Über mehrpolige Mitosen als Mittel zur Analyze des Zellkerns, Verh Dtsch Zool Ges Würzburg, 35, 67

Sorted by citations

Items 101–163 of 163

Hypermutation as a Potential Predictive Biomarker of Immunotherapy Efficacy in High-Grade Gliomas: A Broken Dream?
Gatto, L., Franceschi, E., Tosoni, A., Nunno, V. D., Bartolini, S., & Brandes, A. A. (2022) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt-2021-0277 · Cited by 9
Family A and B DNA Polymerases in Cancer: Opportunities for Therapeutic Interventions
Shanbhag, V., Sachdev, S., Flores, J., Modak, M. J., & Singh, K. (2018) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology7010005 · Cited by 9
Unravelling single-cell DNA replication timing dynamics using machine learning reveals heterogeneity in cancer progression
Josephides, J. M., & Chen, C.-L. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-56783-0 · Cited by 8
Patterns of hypermutation shape tumorigenesis and immunotherapy response in mismatch-repair-deficient glioma
Fernandez, N. R., Chang, Y., Nunes, N. M., Dimayacyac, J. R., Levine, A., Ringel, A., Negm, L., Ercan, A. B., Hess, J. M., Ahmad, O., et al. (2025) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-025-02420-x · Cited by 8
CD4 + T cells with convergent TCR recombination reprogram stroma and halt tumor progression in adoptive therapy
Wolf, S. P., Leisegang, M., Steiner, M., Wallace, V., Kiyotani, K., Hu, Y., Rosenberger, L., Huang, J., Schreiber, K., Nakamura, Y., et al. (2024) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adp6529 · Cited by 9
Current status of the genetic susceptibility in attenuated adenomatous polyposis
Lorca, V., & Garré, P. (2019) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.4251/wjgo.v11.i12.1101 · Cited by 8
High polymerase ε expression associated with increased CD8+T cells improves survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Min, K., Kim, W. S., Kim, D., Son, B. K., Oh, Y., Kwon, M. J., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. E., Kim, I. A., Moon, J., et al. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233066 · Cited by 8
Hopf Bifurcation on a Cancer Therapy Model by Oncolytic Virus Involving the Malignancy Effect and Therapeutic Efficacy
Adi-Kusumo, F., Aryati, L., Risdayati, S., & Norhidayah, S. (2020) · International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences · doi:10.1155/2020/4730715 · Cited by 8
Completing the β,γ-CXY-dNTP Stereochemical Probe Toolkit: Synthetic Access to the dCTP Diastereomers and 31P and 19F NMR Correlations with Absolute Configurations
Haratipour, P., Minard, C., Nakhjiri, M., Negahbani, A., Chamberlain, B. T., Osuna, J., Upton, T. G., Zhao, M., Kashemirov, B. A., & McKenna, C. E. (2020) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.0c01204 · Cited by 8
The BRCT domain and the specific loop 1 of human Polμ are targets of Cdk2/cyclin A phosphorylation
Esteban, V., Martín, M. J., & Blanco, L. (2013) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.07.007 · Cited by 8
ATAD5 functions as a regulatory platform for Ub–PCNA deubiquitination
Ryu, E., Yoo, J., Kang, M.-S., Ha, N. Y., Jang, Y., Kim, J., Kim, Y., Kim, B., Kim, S., Myung, K., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2315759121 · Cited by 7
Defects in Base Excision Repair Sensitize Cells to Manganese inS. cerevisiae
Stephenson, A. P., Mazu, T. K., Miles, J. S., Freeman, M. D., Reams, R., & Flores‐Rozas, H. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/295635 · Cited by 7
A review on point mutations via proton transfer in DNA base pairs in the absence and presence of electric fields
Pushkaran, A. C., & Arabi, A. A. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134051 · Cited by 7
Rapid DNA cleavage by the LINE-1 endonuclease proximal to DNA ends and at mismatches
Miller, B. D., Smail, B. A., van Eeuwen, T., Kodama, H. M., Kondo, K., Jiang, H. L., O’Brien, A., Dai, N., Trachman, R. J., Guan, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110994 · Cited by 8
Point mutation instability (PIN) mutator phenotype as model for true back mutations seen in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 – a hypothesis
van Dyk, E., & Pretorius, P. J. (2011) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1007/s10545-011-9401-x · Cited by 6
Dynamic Genomes - Mechanisms and consequences of genomic diversity impacting plant-fungal interactions
Huang, J. T., Liu, S., & Cook, D. E. (2023) · Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2023.102006 · Cited by 6
Physiology returns to the centre of biology
Noble, D. (2023) · Integrative Physiology · doi:10.33910/2687-1270-2023-4-1-8-17 · Cited by 6
Mass spectrometry-based quantification of the cellular response to methyl methanesulfonate treatment in human cells
Aslanian, A., Yates, J. R., & Hunter, T. R. (2014) · DNA repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.12.007 · Cited by 5
Normally lethal amino acid substitutions suppress an ultramutator DNA Polymerase δ variant
Dennis, D. G., McKay-Fleisch, J., Eitzen, K., Dowsett, I. T., Kennedy, S. R., & Herr, A. J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46535 · Cited by 5
Self-citation
Cadherin‑16 inhibits thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion
Yang, X., Li, Y., Liu, G., Zha, W., & Liu, Y. (2022) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2022.13265 · Cited by 5
Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency, the Most Aggressive Cancer Predisposition Syndrome : Clinical Presentation, Surveillance, and Management
Kang, E., Suh, J. K., & Kim, S.-D. (2025) · Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · doi:10.3340/jkns.2025.0024 · Cited by 4
The A, B, C, D’s of replicative DNA polymerase fidelity: utilizing high-throughput single-molecule sequencing to understand the molecular basis for DNA polymerase accuracy
Betancurt-Anzola, L., O’Connell, K. C., Potapov, V., Ong, J. L., Tanner, N. A., Sauguet, L., & Zatopek, K. M. (2025) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf1143 · Cited by 3
Genome instability: Does genetic diversity amplification drive tumorigenesis?
Lane, A. B., & Clarke, D. J. (2012) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.201200082 · Cited by 3
Enhanced Expression of CNTD2/CCNP Predicts Poor Prognosis in Bladder Cancer Based on the GSE13507
Gong, M., Song, E., Huang, G., Ni, W., Dong, W., & Yuan, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.579900 · Cited by 3
Genome-wide siRNA screens identify RBBP9 function as a potential target in Fanconi anaemia-deficient head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma
Pai, G. M., Roohollahi, K., Rockx, D., de Jong, Y., Stoepker, C., Pennings, C., Rooimans, M. A., Vriend, L. E. M., Piersma, S. R., Jiménez, C. R., et al. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-04389-3 · Cited by 3
A machine learning approach to identify DNA replication proteins from sequence-derived features
Yang, R., Zhang, C., Gao, R., & Zhang, L. (2015) · Conference proceedings - Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering · doi:10.1109/ccece.2015.7129092 · Cited by 3
DNA Repair Polymerases
Sobol, R. W. (2013) · Nucleic acids and molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39796-7_3 · Cited by 3
Structure and function of the cell
Chu, J. J., & Mehrzad, R. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90965-5.00010-6 · Cited by 3
Multiplicity of viral infection in brown algae
Stevens, K. (2014) · PEARL (University of Plymouth) · doi:10.24382/4207 · Cited by 2
Mutation in DNA: A quantum mechanical non-adiabatic model
Hossieni, H. (2025) · Chemical Physics · doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2025.113074 · Cited by 1
Molecular hallmarks of cancer
Birrer, M. J., & Roane, B. M. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-77684-4.00025-8 · Cited by 1
Mismatch repair is not correlated with genomic alterations in glioblastoma patients
Selvan, J., Patel, T. C., & Manuel, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Emerging Investigators · doi:10.59720/22-226 · Cited by 1
Etio-pathogenesis I
Bignold, L. P. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801565-0.00004-4 · Cited by 1
Analysis of MSH2 Loss of Heterozygosity, Expression, and IVS10+12G>A Polymorphism in Sporadic Colon Cancer
Čaćev, T., Zapletal, E., Musani, V., Rako, I., Lončar, B., Aralica, G., & Kapitanović, S. (2018) · Anticancer Research · doi:10.21873/anticanres.12529 · Cited by 1
Deficiency in DNA mismatch repair of methylation damage is a major mutational process in cancerPreprint
Hu, F., Zhu, X., Oh, J., Barbour, J. A., & Wong, J. W. H. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.11.18.388108 · Cited by 1
Downregulation of KLF14 accelerated cellular senescence and agingPreprint
Hou, Y., Song, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, J., Cui, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, J., Fu, J., Cao, M., Zhang, C., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2443044/v1 · Cited by 1
DNA Repair, Cancer and Cancer Therapy
Wang, M. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/20855
DNA Damage Response Pathways in Cancer Predisposition and Progression
Ashour, M. E., El-Shafie, L., & El‐Khamisy, S. F. (2014) · Cancer metastasis · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12136-9_3
Tumour Formation: Number of Mutations Required
Butcher, L. D., & Boland, C. R. (2012) · Encyclopedia of Life Sciences · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0006050.pub2
Etio-Pathogenesis II
Bignold, L. P. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801565-0.00005-6
The fidelity mechanism of DNA synthesis
Zhao-Hui, X. I. E. (2012) · Hereditas (Beijing) · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.00679
Overview of Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies and Its Application in Chemical Biology
Chandran, A. (2017) · Springer theses · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6547-7_1
Replicating Chromatin in the Eukaryotic Genome
Gordon, M. R., Bartlett, D. A., & Gilbert, D. M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803480-4.00017-x
Microsatellite instability as a tool to diagnose genome instability in CHO cell culturePreprint
Chitwood, D. G., Wang, Q., Elliott, K., Bullock, A., Jordana, D., Li, Z., Wu, C. H., Harcum, S. W., & Saski, C. A. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/823252
Recurrent pre-leukemic deletions in myeloid malignancies are the result of DNA double-strand breaks followed by microhomology-mediated end joiningPreprint
Feldman, T., Bercovich, A., Moskovitz, Y., Chapal-Ilani, N., Mitchell, A., Medeiros, J. J. F., Kaushansky, N., Biezuner, T., Minden, M. D., Gupta, V. K., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.01.01.888610
Erkek infertilitesi ve kanser arasındaki genetik örtüşme
Gunes, S. O., Hekim, N., & Ergün, S. (2021) · Androloji Bülteni · doi:10.24898/tandro.2021.37974
Grand Celebration: 10th Anniversary of the Human Genome Project
Rampelotto, P. H., Burn, J., Lupski, J., & Nelson, K. (2016) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-170-2
Genomic instabilities: kind, effects, and roles in the immortality of tumor cell populations
(2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816920-9.15004-7
Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of LSM5 Gene in Human Brain Cancer Glioma: An Omics Database Exploration ApproachPreprint
Ullah, M. A., Alam, S., Farzana, M., Moin, A. T., Prapty, C. N. B. S., Zohora, U. S., & Rahman, M. S. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2011068/v1
Prognostic and therapeutic value of LSM5 gene in human brain cancer Glioma: An omics database exploration approach
Ullah, M. A., Alam, S., Farzana, M., Moin, A. T., Prapty, C. N. B. S., Zohora, U. S., & Rahman, M. S. (2022) · Informatics in Medicine Unlocked · doi:10.1016/j.imu.2022.101114
MnM: a machine learning approach to detect replication states and genomic subpopulations for single-cell DNA replication timing disentanglementPreprint
Josephides, J. M., & Chen, C.-L. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.12.26.573369
Additional file 1 of Characterization of metabolic responses, genetic variations, and microsatellite instability in ammonia-stressed CHO cells grown in fed-batch cultures
Chitwood, D. G., Wang, Q., Elliott, K., Bullock, A., Jordana, D., Li, Z., Wu, C. H., Harcum, S. W., & Saski, C. A. (2021) · TigerPrints (Clemson University) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13550007
Additional file 2 of Characterization of metabolic responses, genetic variations, and microsatellite instability in ammonia-stressed CHO cells grown in fed-batch cultures
Chitwood, D. G., Wang, Q., Elliott, K., Bullock, A., Jordana, D., Li, Z., Wu, C. H., Harcum, S. W., & Saski, C. A. (2021) · TigerPrints (Clemson University) · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13550010
Circadian gene polymorphisms and cancer: Insights into development and risk
Llanos, D., Jara-Medina, K., Lillo, L., Cabello, G., Lagunas, C., & Valenzuela-Melgarejo, F. J. (2025) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2025.2522816
Mutation in DNA: A quantum mechanical non-adiabatic modelPreprint
Hossieni, H. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5472439
Additional file 1 of Rare germline variants in POLE and POLD1 encoding the catalytic subunits of DNA polymerases ε and δ in glioma families
Weber, C. A. M., Krönke, N., Volk, V., Auber, B., Förster, A., Trost, D., Geffers, R., Esmaeilzadeh, M., Lalk, M., Nabavi, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26643337
Additional file 2 of Rare germline variants in POLE and POLD1 encoding the catalytic subunits of DNA polymerases ε and δ in glioma families
Weber, C. A. M., Krönke, N., Volk, V., Auber, B., Förster, A., Trost, D., Geffers, R., Esmaeilzadeh, M., Lalk, M., Nabavi, A., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26643340
Vape-Associated lncRNA Transcript 1 (VALT1) Amplifies the Tumorigenic Effects of e-Cigarette Vapor in Lung Epithelial Cells
Mirador, D. A. R., Ferrer, J. L. M., Lin, K. D. H., & Garcia, R. L. (2026) · Non-Coding RNA · doi:10.3390/ncrna12020010
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma associated with Lynch syndrome
Chelluri, R. R., Kovell, S., Montanaro, F., Chandran, E., Banday, A. R., Gurram, S., & Apolo, A. B. (2026) · Current Opinion in Oncology · doi:10.1097/cco.0000000000001238
Mécanismes et implications thérapeutiques de l'hypermutation dans les gliomes
Touat, M. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/3cf296c0z53a7z446dz8927zbeeea7661f6a
Genome-wide link between DNA replication and genome instability at the single cell level
Josephides, J. M. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/8afe969ez4e89z4209za2bdz41919a3f7e56
Fluorescent reporter assay reveals ribonucleotides promote mismatch correction in vivo
Erlich, S., Mazzucato, P., Laverty, D. J., Samson, L. D., & Nagel, Z. D. (2026) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkag814
Prognosis Significance of MSH2 Protein Expression State and Relationship to Demographic and Histological Characteristics and Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Awad, A. K., Faris, S. A., & Mousa, H. N. (2026) · Евразийский онкологический журнал · doi:10.34883/pi.2026.14.3.003

Authors: Preston, B. D., Albertson, T. M., & Herr, A. J.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Preston, Bradley D.
ORCID: Herr, Alan J.
Venue: Seminars in Cancer Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-10
Volume: 20
Issue: 5
Pages: 281-293
ISSN: 1044-579X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.009
PMC: PMC2993855
OpenAlex: W2056156376
Cited by: 160
References: 251
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 1.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Seminars in Cancer Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (P01AG001751)
National Cancer Institute (P20CA103728, R01CA111582, P01CA077852, R01CA098243)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES009927, P30ES007033)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
Keywords: DNA replication fidelity, carcinogenesis, replication errors, mutation avoidance, positive selection, genome stability
MeSH terms: Animals, Chromosome Aberrations, DNA Damage, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, DNA Repair, DNA Replication, Humans, Mutation, Neoplasms, Gene Rearrangement, Point Mutation, Microsatellite Instability, DNA Mismatch Repair

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

DNA replication fidelity and cancer

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks