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Cited by 422Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentEarly Childhood Education and DevelopmentChild and Animal Learning Development

Poverty as a predictor of 4-year-olds' executive function: New perspectives on models of differential susceptibility.

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Raver, C. Cybele, Family Life Project Key Investigators, Blair, Clancy, Willoughby, Michael·2013·Developmental Psychology
DOI 10.1037/a0028343PMC PMC5460626
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Abstract

In a predominantly low-income, population-based longitudinal sample of 1,259 children followed from birth, results suggest that chronic exposure to poverty and the strains of financial hardship were each uniquely predictive of young children's performance on measures of executive functioning. Results suggest that temperament-based vulnerability serves as a statistical moderator of the link between poverty-related risk and children's executive functioning. Implications for models of ecology and biology in shaping the development of children's self-regulation are discussed.

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  • The physical and psychosocial conditions of poverty, including experiences with caregivers, influence self-regulation development.

    “the physical as well as psychosocial conditions of poverty, including experiences with caregivers, influence self-regulation development (Blair et al. 2011a,b; Evans 2003; Raver et al. 2013).”

    From School Readiness and Self-Regulation: A Developmental Psychobiological Approach (2015) · cites this paper as Raver et al. 2013

    The Discussion (page unavailable in our copy) reports that cumulative poverty and family financial strain predicted lower executive function at age four, an aspect of self-regulation. The paper also considers housing conditions, but says that whether parenting mediates the relationship is beyond its scope. Its observational findings therefore do not establish that experiences with caregivers influence self-regulation development. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Research works printed but not linked: 61

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Raver, C. C., Family Life Project Key Investigators, Blair, C., & Willoughby, M.
Affiliations
  • New York University (US)
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
ORCID
Venue
Developmental Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2013
Volume
49
Issue
2
Pages
292-304
ISSN
  • 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0599
DOI
10.1037/a0028343
PMC
PMC5460626
OpenAlex
W2133176094
Cited by
422
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
FWCI
18.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD51502; P01 HD39667)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Keywords
poverty, executive function, differential susceptibility, financial hardship, temperament, self-regulation, early childhood, low-income children, moderator effects, child development
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Models, Psychological, Models, Theoretical, Neuropsychological Tests, Poverty, Predictive Value of Tests, Regression Analysis, Social Control, Informal, Socioeconomic Factors, Racial Groups

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