Social support, social strain and inflammation: Evidence from a national longitudinal study of U.S. adults
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Social relationships have long been held to have powerful effects on health and survival, but it remains unclear whether such associations differ by function and domain of relationships over time and what biophysiological mechanisms underlie these links. This study addressed these gaps by examining the longitudinal associations of persistent relationship quality across a ten year span with a major indicator of immune function. Specifically, we examined how perceived social support and social strain from relationships with family, friends, and spouse at a prior point in time are associated with subsequent risks of inflammation, as assessed by overall inflammation burden comprised of five markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, E-selectin, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1) in a national longitudinal study of 647 adults from the Midlife Development in the United States (1995-2009). Results from multivariate regression analysis show that (1) support from family, friends, and spouse modestly protected against risks of inflammation; (2) family, friend, and total social strain substantially increased risks of inflammation; and (3) the negative associations of social strain were stronger than the positive associations of social support with inflammation. The findings highlight the importance of enriched conceptualizations, measures, and longitudinal analyses of both social and biological stress processes to elucidate the complex pathways linking social relationships to health and illness.
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Relationship deficits such as isolation, lack of support, or high strain are forms of social adversity that can create chronic stress through accumulating chains of risk over the life course.
“Relationship deficits-such as social isolation, lack of support, or high strain-are alternative forms of social adversity that can create chronic stress by continuous exposure to chains of risk that accumulate over the life course (27,28).”
From Social relationships and physiological determinants of longevity across the human life span (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Yang, Y. C., Schorpp, K., & Harris, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yang, Yang Claire
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 107
- Pages
- 124-135
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4028709
- OpenAlex
- W2119490985
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 12.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institute of Aging (K01AG036745)
- University Cancer Research Funds at the Lineberger Cancer Center
- Carolina Population Center (R24 HD050924)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- social support, social strain, inflammation, relationship quality, family relationships, friendship, marital relationships, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, immune function, social stress, biological stress, social relationships and health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Fibrinogen, Humans, Inflammation, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, United States, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Multivariate Analysis, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, E-Selectin
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