Cited by 174Health disparities and outcomesAttachment and Relationship DynamicsStress Responses and Cortisol

Social support, social strain and inflammation: Evidence from a national longitudinal study of U.S. adults

Open access
Yang, Yang Claire, Schorpp, Kristen, Harris, Kathleen Mullan·2014·Social Science & Medicine

Abstract

Social relationships have long been held to have powerful effects on health and survival, but it remains unclear whether such associations differ by function and domain of relationships over time and what biophysiological mechanisms underlie these links. This study addressed these gaps by examining the longitudinal associations of persistent relationship quality across a ten year span with a major indicator of immune function. Specifically, we examined how perceived social support and social strain from relationships with family, friends, and spouse at a prior point in time are associated with subsequent risks of inflammation, as assessed by overall inflammation burden comprised of five markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, E-selectin, and intracellular adhesion molecule-1) in a national longitudinal study of 647 adults from the Midlife Development in the United States (1995-2009). Results from multivariate regression analysis show that (1) support from family, friends, and spouse modestly protected against risks of inflammation; (2) family, friend, and total social strain substantially increased risks of inflammation; and (3) the negative associations of social strain were stronger than the positive associations of social support with inflammation. The findings highlight the importance of enriched conceptualizations, measures, and longitudinal analyses of both social and biological stress processes to elucidate the complex pathways linking social relationships to health and illness.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.02.013

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Relationship deficits such as isolation, lack of support, or high strain are forms of social adversity that can create chronic stress through accumulating chains of risk over the life course.

    “Relationship deficits-such as social isolation, lack of support, or high strain-are alternative forms of social adversity that can create chronic stress by continuous exposure to chains of risk that accumulate over the life course (27,28).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Yang, Y. C., Schorpp, K., & Harris, K. M.
Affiliations
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Corresponding author
Yang, Yang Claire
Venue
Social Science & Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-04
Volume
107
Pages
124-135
ISSN
0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2119490985
Cited by
174
References
54
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3
FWCI
12.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • UNC Libraries
Funders
  • National Institute of Aging (K01AG036745)
  • University Cancer Research Funds at the Lineberger Cancer Center
  • Carolina Population Center (R24 HD050924)
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
social support, social strain, inflammation, relationship quality, family relationships, friendship, marital relationships, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, fibrinogen, E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, immune function, social stress, biological stress, social relationships and health
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, C-Reactive Protein, Female, Fibrinogen, Humans, Inflammation, Interpersonal Relations, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Social Support, Stress, Psychological, United States, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Multivariate Analysis, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1, E-Selectin

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review