Photoprotection of ultraviolet-B filters: Updated review of endocrine disrupting properties
Abstract
The Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is emitted by the sun and is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. There are three types of UV rays (UV-A, UV-B and UV-C), however only UV-A and UV-B have biologic effects in humans, with UV-B radiation being primarily responsible for these effects. Among the measures of photoprotection advised by the health authorities, the topical application of sunscreens (containing UV-B filters) is the preferred worldwide. Currently, octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC) is the most commonly used UV-B filter in sunscreens. Their application has proven to be effective in preventing burns, but its efficiency against melanoma continues under intense controversy. Studies have shown that OMC behaves like an endocrine disruptor, altering the normal functioning of organisms. However, few studies have evaluated their multiple hormonal activities. Some studies suggest that the OMC exerts an estrogenic, anti-androgenic, anti-progestenic and anti-thyroid activity. But, through what mechanisms? In humans, few studies were performed, and some questions remain unclear. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present the multiple hormonal activities established for the OMC, making a critical analysis and relationship between the effects in cells, animals and humans.
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UV filters have endocrine disrupting effects including estrogenic, androgenic, and thyroid activities, as well as cytotoxicity, behavioural changes, and neurotoxicity.
“Estrogenic, androgenic, and thyroid activities are included in the endocrine disrupting effects of UV filters [77], but other inherent effects have been reported, namely cytotoxicity [78], behavioural changes [79], and neurotoxicity [80].”
From UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [77]
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Materials Science Challenges in Skin UV Protection: A Review
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The Potential of Natural Compounds in UV Protection Products
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Fetoplacental vasculature as a model to study human cardiovascular endocrine disruption
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Ultrafast sonochemistry-based approach to coat TiO2 commercial particles for sunscreen formulation
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Antioxidants as stabilizers of UV filters: an example for the UV-B filter octylmethoxycinnamate
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Self-citationUltraviolet filters in sunscreens and cosmetic products—A market survey
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Development of a novel process for the removal of emerging contaminant
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- Authors
- Lorigo, M., Mariana, M., & Cairrao, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Beira Interior (PT)
- Venue
- Steroids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-03
- Volume
- 131
- Pages
- 46-58
- ISSN
- 0039-128X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2790966430
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Steroids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- sunscreen, endocrine disruption, photoprotection, estrogenic activity, antiandrogenic activity, melanoma prevention, ultraviolet radiation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cinnamates, Humans, Sunscreening Agents, Ultraviolet Rays, Endocrine Disruptors
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