Positive emotional stimuli in teaching foreign language vocabulary
Open accessAbstract
Positive emotional stimuli, when compared to neutral memories, persist longer in memory and are recalled with greater accuracy and readiness, which might be rather significant in foreign language learning. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether or not positive emotional stimuli enhance remembering of new foreign language vocabulary. The pre-test/post-test design was applied, and both declarative and procedural vocabulary knowledge were tested in control and experimental groups before and after the intervention. Participants՚ emotional comfort and foreign language enjoyment were evaluated by two standardized scales and their perception of the intervention was investigated through a feedback questionnaire. The findings revealed a significant increase of declarative vocabulary knowledge and foreign language enjoyment in the experimental group.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The game environment can evoke feelings of enjoyment and security, which might reduce learners' anxiety about using a foreign language and making mistakes.
“Additionally, the game environment can evoke feelings of enjoyment and security, which might reduce learners’ anxiety about using a foreign language and making mistakes [15,36,40].”
From Exploring the relationship between digital gaming, language attitudes, and academic success in EFL university students (2024) · cites this paper as [40]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Positive psychology: An introduction.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5 · Cited by 11,351 · see citing works
Levels of processing: A framework for memory research
Craik, F. I. M., & Lockhart, R. S. (1972) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(72)80001-x · Cited by 9,566 · see citing works
Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment
Verhelst, N. D., Avermaet, P. V., Takala, S., Figueras, N., & North, B. (2009) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) · Cited by 6,088 · see citing works
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 5,798 · see citing works
Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition
Higgs, T. V., & Krashen, S. D. (1983) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/328293 · Cited by 5,354 · see citing works
Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach
Paivio, A. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,087 · see citing works
A Concise Introduction to Mixed Methods Research
Creswell, J. W. (2021) · Cited by 4,465 · see citing works
Dopamine, learning and motivation.
Wise, R. A. (2004) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1406 · Cited by 3,379 · see citing works
Pattern and growth in personality
Allport, G. W. (1961) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,361 · see citing works
The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom
Dewaele, J.-M., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2014) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.2014.4.2.5 · Cited by 1,757 · see citing works
Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology
Jonassen, D. H., Spector, M. J., Driscoll, M., Merrill, M. D., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Driscoll, M. P. (2008) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203880869 · Cited by 1,692 · see citing works
The Psychology of the Language Learner Revisited
Dornyei, Z., & Ryan, S. (2015) · doi:10.4324/9781315779553 · Cited by 1,518 · see citing works
Personality : theory and research / Lawrence A. Pervin
Pervin, L. A. (1984) · Cited by 1,459 · see citing works
Attitude Change: Persuasion and Social Influence
Wood, W. (2000) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.539 · Cited by 1,059 · see citing works
Eysenck, H. J. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67783-0 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
(2002) · Cited by 966 · see citing works
Emotions that facilitate language learning: the positive-broadening power of the imagination
MacIntyre, P., & Gregersen, T. (2012) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.2012.2.2.4 · Cited by 843 · see citing works
Foreign language enjoyment and anxiety: The effect of teacher and learner variables
Dewaele, J.-M., Witney, J., Saito, K., & Dewaele, L. (2018) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/1362168817692161 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Ten commandments for motivating language learners: results of an empirical study
Dörnyei, Z., & Csizér, K. (1998) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/136216889800200303 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
The Flowering of Positive Psychology in Foreign Language Teaching and Acquisition Research
Dewaele, J., Chen, X., Padilla, A. M., & Lake, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02128 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Dewaele, J.-M., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2016) · Positive Psychology in SLA · doi:10.21832/9781783095360-010 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Language anxiety: from theory and research to classroom implications
MacIntyre, P. D. (1992) · System · doi:10.1016/0346-251x(92)90069-f · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Language Anxiety: From Theory and Research to Classroom Implications
Phillips, E. M., Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. J. (1992) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.2307/330173 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Reduced Self-Control after 3 Months of Imprisonment; A Pilot Study
Meijers, J., Harte, J. M., Meynen, G., Cuijpers, P. J., & Scherder, E. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00069 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
The distinctive characteristics of foreign language teachers
Borg, S. (2005) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1191/1362168806lr182oa · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Frenzel, A. C., Becker-Kurz, B., Pekrun, R. H., Goetz, T., & Lüdtke, O. (2017) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000228 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
(2016) · Multilingual Matters eBooks · doi:10.21832/9781783095360 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Practice in a Second Language: Perspectives from Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology
DEKEYSER, R. M. (2007) · Thammasat University Digital Collections · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Mood and memory: Evaluating the network theory of affect
Singer, J. A., & Salovey, P. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90060-8 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Enjoyment and anxiety in second language communication: An idiodynamic approach
Boudreau, C., MacIntyre, P. D., & Dewaele, J. (2018) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.2018.8.1.7 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Oga-Baldwin, W. L. Q. (2019) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2019.102128 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Horwitz, E. K. (1996) · Foreign Language Annals · doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.1996.tb01248.x · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Dewaele, J. (2005) · Modern Language Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.2005.00311.x · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The complex relationship between classroom emotions and EFL achievement in China
Li, C., Dewaele, J., & Jiang, G. (2019) · Applied Linguistics Review · doi:10.1515/applirev-2018-0043 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-3104 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
JALT2015 Conference Article: On Emotions in Foreign Language Learning and Use
Dewaele, J. (2015) · The Language Teacher · doi:10.37546/jalttlt39.3-3 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
The Growth of the Mind and the Endangered Origins of Intelligence
(2001) · Medical Education · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.1113c.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Learning, Memory and Personality
Eysenck, M. W. (1981) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67783-0_6 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Matsumoto, D., Consolacion, T. B., Yamada, H., Suzuki, R., Franklin, B., Paul, S., Ray, R. D., & Uchida, H. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000608 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
(2011) · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Affect in a self-regulatory framework for language learning
Bown, J., & White, C. J. (2010) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2010.03.016 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Learners' perceptions of their successes and failures in foreign language learning
Williams, M., Burden, R., Poulet, G., & Maun, I. (2004) · Language Learning Journal · doi:10.1080/09571730485200191 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The Effects of Affective Factors in SLA and Pedagogical Implications
Ni, H. (2012) · Theory and Practice in Language Studies · doi:10.4304/tpls.2.7.1508-1513 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
(2016) · BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Capitalizing on Language Learners' Individuality: From Premise to Practice
Gregersen, T., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2014) · UNI ScholarWorks (University of Northern Iowa) · Cited by 79 · see citing works
On emotions in foreign language learning and use
Dewaele, J. (2015) · BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) · Cited by 72 · see citing works
L2 or L3? Foreign Language Enjoyment and Proficiency
Piechurska-Kuciel, E. (2017) · Second language learning and teaching · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56892-8_7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Prescriptive Principles for Instructional Design
Merrill, M., Barclay, M., & Schaack, A. V. (2007) · doi:10.4324/9780203880869.ch14 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Stress and Heart Rate Variability during University Final Examination among Lebanese Students
Hammoud, S., Karam, R., Mourad, R., Saad, I., & Kurdi, M. (2018) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs9010003 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
6 Positive Psychology Exercises Build Social Capital for Language Learners: Preliminary Evidence
Gregersen, T., MacIntyre, P. D., & Meza, M. (2016) · Multilingual Matters eBooks · doi:10.21832/9781783095360-007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mavrou, I., & Dewaele, J. (2020) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12285 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The growth of the mind and the endangered origins of intelligence
Vella, F. (1998) · Biochemical Education · doi:10.1016/s0307-4412(98)00096-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The Role of Co-occurring Emotions and Personality Traits in Anger Expression
Mill, A., Kööts‐Ausmees, L., Allïk, J., & Realo, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00123 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kamhi, A. G. (2019) · Journal of Communication Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.105918 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Oxford, R. L. (2015) · Applied language learning · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Writer, F. (2014) · Development in Learning Organizations An International Journal · doi:10.1108/dlo-09-2014-0065 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Brain Studies Boom: Using Neuroscience in ESL/EFL Teacher Training
Kelly, C. (2017) · Educational linguistics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-51789-6_5 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Post-encoding positive emotion impairs associative memory for English vocabulary
Li, C., Fan, L., & Wang, B. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0228614 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Gries, S. Τ., & Miglio, V. (2014) · Estudios Ingleses de la Universidad Complutense · doi:10.5209/rev_cjes.2014.v22.46957 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Idiomatic Mastery in a First and Second Language
Karlssön, M. (2019) · Multilingual Matters eBooks · doi:10.21832/9781788922371 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Idiomatic Mastery in a First and Second Language
Karlssön, M. (2019) · Channel View Publications eBooks · doi:10.2307/jj.22730629 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 65 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Taking stock: A meta-analysis of the effects of foreign language enjoyment
Botes, E., Dewaele, J.-M., & Greiff, S. (2022) · Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.14746/ssllt.2022.12.2.3 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Sadan, M., Lipka, O., & Katzir, T. (2024) · Computer Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1080/09588221.2024.2382452 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Vnucko, G., Kralova, Z., & Tirpakova, A. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33301 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Yang, Y. P., Song, Y., Yan, J., & Ma, Q. (2025) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2025.103671 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A cross-lagged panel analysis of second language achievement and enjoyment
Gao, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1046909 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Enjoyment and second/foreign language learning: a three-level meta-analysis
Chen, X., Dewaele, J., & Zhou, Z. (2026) · Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching · doi:10.1080/17501229.2026.2699419 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mapping the Emotional Landscape of SLA: A Two-Decade Bibliometric Exploration (2000–2024)
Hu, X., & Wen, G. J. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251375379 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ανδρέου, Γ., & Argatzopoulou, A. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15080876 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Kolesnichenko, A. N., Kotliarenko, I. Y., & Nikolaeva, E. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21432-5_246 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jazyky hravo a zmysluplne : výučba cudzích jazykov zameraná na dieťa
Hanesová, D., Kovács, J., Simanová, L., Lynch, Z., & Lipárová, L. (2024) · Belianum. Vydavateľstvo Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici eBooks · doi:10.24040/2024.9788055721842 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Emotional valence promotes free recall of foreign language words after video exposure
Arriagada‐Mödinger, F., & Ferreira, R. A. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.12592 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Assessment of university students’ need to acquire knowledge about ecology
Timkina, Y., & Mikhaylova, Y. (2023) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202346005008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lexical and contextual emotional valence in foreign language vocabulary retention
Kanazawa, Y. (2023) · The Mental Lexicon · doi:10.1075/ml.23001.kan · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Halchenko, O. (2025) · BRAIN BROAD RESEARCH IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE · doi:10.70594/brain/16.s1/34 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
APPLE TREE MODEL OF EMOTION-INVOLVED PROCESSING
Kamenická, J. (2021) · Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences · doi:10.12955/pss.v2.219 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Correlation of the terms "concept" and "meaning" in modern linguistics
Kapeu-Kokhanova, M., Dana, Z., Zhalalova, A., Dosmagambetova, J., & Sarkulova, M. (2023) · XLinguae · doi:10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.14 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
SHCHERBAKOVA, I. V., & Kovalchuk, N. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21219-2_125 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
About lexical-semantic aspects
Abdiyeva, G., Maimakova, A., Erzhanova, F., Tsoy, A., & Togzhanova, L. (2022) · XLinguae · doi:10.18355/xl.2022.15.04.06
Muwarni, K. W., & Handayani, S. (2024) · Didacticofrancia Journal Didactique du FLE · doi:10.15294/didacticofrancia.v12i2.73537
Hanesová, D., & Lipárová, L. (2025) · Gyermeknevelés Tudományos Folyóirat · doi:10.31074/gyntf.2025.2.38.61
Davaribina, M., & Varghaei, E. (2025) · Psychology of Language and Communication · doi:10.58734/plc-2025-0016
Sánchez, M. J., Pérez‐García, E., Arroyo, B. L., & Margaretto, B. B. (2025) · International Journal of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1111/ijal.70064
Mastering Professionally Oriented Vocabulary When Teaching a Foreign Language
Khalupo, O. I., & Sharonova, V. B. (2025) · Springer Proceedings in Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06297-0_28
Estímulos emocionales en el contexto de aprendizaje y su efecto en la memoria léxica
Canales, A. B., & Jiménez, A. B. (2025) · Revista Electrónica de Lingüística Aplicada · doi:10.58859/rael.v24i1.717
РОЛЬ СИСТЕМИ ВИНАГОРОДИ МОЗКУ У НАВЧАННІ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ
Чихаріна, К. І. (2026) · Теорія та методика навчання та виховання · doi:10.34142/23128046.2026.60.16
- Authors
- Kralova, Z., Kamenicka, J., & Tirpakova, A.
- ORCID
- Kralova, Zdena
- Venue
- System
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-02
- Volume
- 104
- Pages
- 102678
- ISSN
- 0346-251X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3208980502
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 4.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- System (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Repository of TBU publications (Univerzita Tomase Bati ze Zline) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Ministerstvo školstva, vedy, výskumu a športu Slovenskej republiky
- Kultúrna a Edukacná Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR (002UKF-4/2020)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Second Language Acquisition and Learning
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- positive emotional stimuli, foreign language vocabulary learning, emotional memory, foreign language enjoyment, emotional comfort, memory retention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
