Autophagy induction by silver nanowires: A new aspect in the biocompatibility assessment of nanocomposite thin films
Abstract
Nanomaterials and their enabled products have increasingly been attracting global attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. Among these emerging products, silver nanowire (AgNW)-based thin films are being developed for their promising applications in next generation nanoelectronics and nanodevices. However, serious concerns remain about possible health and safety risks they may pose. Here, we employed a multi-modal systematic biocompatibility assessment of thin films incorporating AgNW. To represent the possible routes of nanomaterial entry during occupational or environmental exposure, we employed four different cell lines of epithelial, endothelial, gastric, and phagocytic origin. Utilizing a cell-based automated image acquisition and analysis procedure in combination with real-time impedance sensing, we observed a low level of cytotoxicity of AgNW, which was dependent on cell type, nanowire lengths, doses and incubation times. Similarly, no major cytotoxic effects were induced by AgNW-containing thin films, as detected by conventional cell viability and imaging assays. However, transmission electron microscopy and Western immunoblotting analysis revealed AgNW-induced autophasosome accumulation together with an upregulation of the autophagy marker protein LC3. Autophagy represents a crucial mechanism in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and our data for the first time demonstrate triggering of such mechanism by AgNW in human phagocytic cells. Finally, atomic force microscopy revealed significant changes in the topology of cells attaching and growing on these films as substrates. Our findings thus emphasize the necessity of comprehensive biohazard assessment of nanomaterials in modern applications and devices and a thorough analysis of risks associated with their possible contact with humans through occupational or environmental exposure.
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Only preliminary experiments were performed on biocompatibility of nanomaterials for wearable applications.
“For example, only preliminary experiments were performed on biocompatibility of nanomaterials for wearable applications.[94,95,205]”
From Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare (2018) · cites this paper as [205]
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Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare
Yao, S., Swetha, P., & Zhu, Y. (2018) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.201700889 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
- Authors
- Verma, N. K., Conroy, J., Lyons, P. E., Coleman, J., O'Sullivan, M. P., Kornfeld, H., Kelleher, D., & Volkov, Y.
- Affiliations
- Trinity College Dublin (IE)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Volkov, Yuri
- Venue
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 264
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 451-461
- ISSN
- 0041-008X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050971061
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Graphene and Nanomaterials Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Keywords
- silver nanowires, autophagy, nanocomposite films, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, LC3, phagocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, gastric cells, nanomaterial exposure, cell-substrate interaction, nanomaterial safety assessment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, Biocompatible Materials, Cell Line, Humans, Silver, Blotting, Western, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Mice, Nanocomposites, Nanowires
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