Cited by 55Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersImmunotoxicology and immune responses

Increased butyrate priming in the gut stalls microbiome associated-gastrointestinal inflammation and hepatic metabolic reprogramming in a mouse model of Gulf War Illness

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Seth, Ratanesh Kumar, Kimono, Diana, Alhasson, Firas, Sarkar, Sutapa, Albadrani, Muayad, Lasley, Stephen K., Horner, Ronnie, Janulewicz, Patricia +4 more·2018·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

Abstract

Most of the associated pathologies in Gulf War Illness (GWI) have been ascribed to chemical and pharmaceutical exposures during the war. Since an increased number of veterans complain of gastrointestinal (GI), neuroinflammatory and metabolic complications as they age and there are limited options for a cure, the present study was focused to assess the role of butyrate, a short chain fatty acid for attenuating GWI-associated GI and metabolic complications. Results in a GWI-mouse model of permethrin and pyridostigmine bromide (PB) exposure showed that oral butyrate restored gut homeostasis and increased GPR109A receptor copies in the small intestine (SI). Claudin-2, a protein shown to be upregulated in conditions of leaky gut was significantly decreased following butyrate administration. Butyrate decreased TLR4 and TLR5 expressions in the liver concomitant to a decrease in TLR4 activation. GW-chemical exposure showed no clinical signs of liver disease but a significant alteration of metabolic markers such as SREBP1c, PPAR-α, and PFK was evident. Liver markers for lipogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism that were significantly upregulated following GW chemical exposure were attenuated by butyrate priming in vivo and in human primary hepatocytes. Further, Glucose transporter Glut-4 that was shown to be elevated following liver complications were significantly decreased in these mice after butyrate administration. Finally, use of TLR4 KO mice completely attenuated the liver metabolic changes suggesting the central role of these receptors in the GWI pathology. In conclusion, we report a butyrate specific mechanistic approach to identify and treat increased metabolic abnormalities in GWI veterans with systemic inflammation, chronic fatigue, GI disturbances, metabolic complications and weight gain.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.006

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  • Alterations in the microbiota may lead to leaky gut and endotoxemia, exacerbating neuroinflammation and activation of Toll-like receptors (specifically TLR4) in the small intestine and brain.

    “Alhasson (67) observed simultaneous intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Gulf War disease, suggesting that alterations in the microbiota may lead to leaky gut and endotoxemia, exacerbating neuroinflammation and activation of Toll-like receptors (specifically, TLR4) in the small intestine and brain.”
  • Activation of TLR4 due to changes in gut microbiota composition and gut permeability leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endotoxins from astrocytes and microglia.

    “In addition, activation of TLR4 due to changes in gut microbiota composition and gut permeability further leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, endotoxins (LSP) (67), etc., from astrocytes and from the microglia themselves.”

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  1. Seth RK, Kumar A, Das S, Kadiiska MB, Michelotti G, Diehl AM,, 2013b Environmental toxin-linked nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic metabolic reprogramming in obese mice. Toxicol. Sci 134 (2), 291– 303. 10.1093/toxsciAftl04 Epub 2013 May 2. 23640861 PMC3707434 · DOI

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Authors
Seth, R. K., Kimono, D., Alhasson, F., Sarkar, S., Albadrani, M., Lasley, S. K., Horner, R., Janulewicz, P., Nagarkatti, M., Nagarkatti, P., Sullivan, K., & Chatterjee, S.
Affiliations
  • University of South Carolina (US)
  • Boston University (US)
Corresponding author
Chatterjee, Saurabh
Venue
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-07
Volume
350
Pages
64-77
ISSN
0041-008X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2800481810
Cited by
55
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3
FWCI
3.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Gulf War Illness Research (W81XWH-13-2-0072)
  • University of South Carolina School of Medicine
  • University of Georgia college of veterinary medicine
  • University of South Carolina
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
Keywords
Gulf War illness, butyrate, short-chain fatty acids, gastrointestinal inflammation, gut microbiota, permethrin, pyridostigmine bromide, GPR109A, TLR4, TLR5, claudin-2, leaky gut, SREBP-1c, PPARα, lipogenesis, glucose transporter 4, hepatocytes, chronic fatigue, veterans
MeSH terms
Cellular Reprogramming Techniques, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Butyrates, Cells, Cultured, Disease Models, Animal, Gastritis, Humans, Insecticides, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Mice, Knockout, Persian Gulf Syndrome, Hepatocytes, Permethrin, Mice

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