Cited by 413Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesGut microbiota and healthImmune Response and Inflammation

Metabolic endotoxemia with obesity: Is it real and is it relevant?

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Boutagy, Nabil E., McMillan, Ryan P., Frisard, Madlyn I., Hulver, Matthew W.·2016·Biochimie

Abstract

Obesity is associated with metabolic derangements in multiple tissues, which contribute to the progression of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. The underlying stimulus for these metabolic derangements in obesity are not fully elucidated, however recent evidence in rodents and humans suggests that systemic, low level elevations of gut derived endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) may play an important role in obesity related, whole-body and tissue specific metabolic perturbations. LPS initiates a well-characterized signaling cascade that elicits many pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways when bound to its receptor, Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4). Low-grade elevation in plasma LPS has been termed "metabolic endotoxemia" and this state is associated with a heightened pro-inflammatory and oxidant environment often observed in obesity. Given the role of inflammatory and oxidative stress in the etiology of obesity related cardio-metabolic disease risk, it has been suggested that metabolic endotoxemia may serve a key mediator of metabolic derangements observed in obesity. This review provides supporting evidence of mechanistic associations with cell and animal models, and provides complimentary evidence of the clinical relevance of metabolic endotoxemia in obesity as it relates to inflammation and metabolic derangements in humans. Discrepancies with endotoxin detection are considered, and an alternate method of reporting metabolic endotoxemia is recommended until a standardized measurement protocol is set forth.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.020

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  1. [47]Gregor MF Hotamisligil GS Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity Annual Review of Immunology 2011 29 415 445 21219177

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Authors
Boutagy, N. E., McMillan, R. P., Frisard, M. I., & Hulver, M. W.
Affiliations
Virginia Tech (US)
Corresponding author
Hulver, Matthew W.
Venue
Biochimie
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-05
Volume
124
Pages
11-20
ISSN
  • 0037-9042 (ISSN-L)
  • 0300-9084
OpenAlex
W769942964
Cited by
413
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 25 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 3
FWCI
3.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Biochimie (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R56DK078765, R01DK078765)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Keywords
metabolic endotoxemia, obesity, lipopolysaccharide, gut-derived endotoxin, TLR4, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiometabolic disease, endotoxin detection
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Intestinal Mucosa, Lipopolysaccharides, Obesity, Oxidative Stress, Endotoxemia, Toll-Like Receptor 4

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