A Global Perspective of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
Open accessAbstract
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is characterized by the presence of islet autoantibodies and initial insulin independence, which can lead to misdiagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). As such, understanding the genetic etiology of LADA could aid in more accurate diagnosis. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the exact definition of LADA, so understanding its impact in different populations when contrasted with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and T2D is one potential strategy to gain insight into its etiology. Unfortunately, the lack of consistent and thorough autoantibody screening around the world has hampered well-powered genetic studies of LADA. This review highlights recent genetic and epidemiological studies of LADA in diverse populations as well as the importance of autoantibody screening in facilitating future research.
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Adults with type 1 diabetes may retain sufficient β-cell function to prevent DKA for many years; such individuals may have remission or decreased insulin needs for months or years, eventually become dependent on insulin for survival, and are at risk for DKA.
“Adults may retain suf fi cient b -cell function to prevent DKA for many years; such individuals may have remission or decreased insulin needs for months or years, eventually become dependent on insulin for survival, and are at risk for DKA (33 -35,60,61).”
From 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i> (2024) · cites this paper as [60]
Adults may retain sufficient b-cell function to prevent DKA for many years; such individuals may have remission characterized by decreased insulin needs for months or years, eventually become dependent on insulin for survival, and are at risk for DKA.
“Adults may retain sufficient b-cell function to prevent DKA for many years; such individuals may have remission characterized by decreased insulin needs for months or years, eventually become dependent on insulin for survival, and are at risk for DKA (33-35, 59,60).”
From 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [59]
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2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s002 · Cited by 4,792 · see citing works
2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020</i>
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s002 · Cited by 3,187 · see citing works
2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021</i>
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s002 · Cited by 3,116 · see citing works
2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Gaglia, J. L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s002 · Cited by 2,086 · see citing works
2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Ebekozien, O., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s002 · Cited by 1,393 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mishra, R., Hodge, K. M., Cousminer, D. L., Leslie, R. D., & Grant, S. F. A.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Grant, Struan F.A.
- Venue
- Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-09
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 638-650
- ISSN
- 1043-2760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2883718598
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- qmro.qmul.ac.uk
- Licence
- Locations
- Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, islet autoantibodies, genetic etiology, type 2 diabetes misdiagnosis, type 1 diabetes, autoantibody detection, cross-population comparison, insulin independence
- MeSH terms
- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults, Adult, Autoantibodies, Humans
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