Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults in the United Arab Emirates: Clinical Features and Factors Related to Insulin-Requirement
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AIMS: To describe and to characterize clinical features of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) compared to type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the UAE. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study a dataset including 18,101 subjects with adult-onset (>30 years) diabetes was accessed. 17,072 subjects fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data about anthropometrics, demographics, autoantibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase (GADA) and to Islet Antigen 2 (anti-IA2), HbA1c, cholesterol and blood pressure were extracted. LADA was diagnosed according to GADA and/or anti-IA2 positivity and time to insulin therapy. RESULTS: 437 (2.6%) patients were identified as LADA and 34 (0.2%) as classical type 1 diabetes in adults. Mean age at diagnosis, BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and HbA1c significantly differed between, LADA, type 2 and type 1 diabetes, LADA showing halfway features between type 2 and type 1 diabetes. A decreasing trend for age at diagnosis and waist circumference was found among LADA subjects when subdivided by positivity for anti-IA2, GADA or for both antibodies (p=0.013 and p=0.011 for trend, respectively). There was a gradual downward trend in autoantibody titre in LADA subjects requiring insulin within the first year from diagnosis to subjects not requiring insulin after 10 years of follow-up (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study describing the clinical features of LADA in the UAE, which appear to be different from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we showed that the clinical phenotype of LADA is dependent on different patterns of antibody positivity, influencing the time to insulin requirement.
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Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is the most common form of autoimmune diabetes mellitus diagnosed in adults, with a prevalence in Europe, China and the United Arab Emirates between 3 and 12 times higher than that of adult-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus.
“LADA is the most common form of autoimmune diabetes mellitus diagnosed in adults, with a prevalence in Europe, China and the United Arab Emirates between 3 and 12 times higher than that of adult-onset T1DM77–79.”
From The epidemiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus in older adults (2025) · cites this paper as [78]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Maddaloni, E., Lessan, N., Al Tikriti, A., Buzzetti, R., Pozzilli, P., & Barakat, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Università Campus Bio-Medico (IT)
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre (AE)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Maddaloni, Ernesto
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-08-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e0131837
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4529198
- OpenAlex
- W1050125050
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 5.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2015-08-27)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, insulin requirement, autoantibody titres, clinical phenotype, age at diagnosis, waist circumference, United Arab Emirates
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autoantibodies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors, United Arab Emirates
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