Cited by 566Diabetes and associated disordersGenetic Associations and EpidemiologyT-cell and B-cell Immunology

Etiology of Type 1 Diabetes

Open access
Todd, John A.·2010·Immunity

Abstract

Recent genetic mapping and gene-phenotype studies have revealed the genetic architecture of type 1 diabetes. At least ten genes so far can be singled out as strong causal candidates. The known functions of these genes indicate the primary etiological pathways of this disease, including HLA class II and I molecules binding to preproinsulin peptides and T cell receptors, T and B cell activation, innate pathogen-viral responses, chemokine and cytokine signaling, and T regulatory and antigen-presenting cell functions. This review considers research in the field of type 1 diabetes toward identifying disease mechanisms using genetic approaches. The expression and functions of these pathways, and, therefore, disease susceptibility, will be influenced by epigenetic and environmental factors. Certain inherited immune phenotypes will be early precursors of type 1 diabetes and could be useful in future clinical trials.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.04.001

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  • Type 1 diabetes is generally thought to be precipitated by an immune-associated, if not directly immune-mediated, destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells.

    “Type 1 diabetes is generally thought to be precipitated by an immune-associated, if not directly immune-mediated, destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells.1,2”

    From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [1]

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Authors
Todd, J. A.
Affiliations
University of Cambridge (GB)
Corresponding author
Todd, John A.
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-04
Volume
32
Issue
4
Pages
457-467
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1997112242
Cited by
560
References
120
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 45 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 59
FWCI
5.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (061858)
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10275)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Keywords
type 1 diabetes, genetic etiology, HLA class II, HLA class I, T cell receptor, T cell activation, B cell activation, innate immune response, viral infection, chemokine signaling, cytokine signaling, regulatory T cells, antigen-presenting cells, epigenetic factors, environmental factors, disease susceptibility, gene mapping, genotype-phenotype correlation
MeSH terms
Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Phenotype, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Epigenesis, Genetic

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