The DOI matches its Crossref record; 130 of the 130 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Location, Location, Location: Compartmentalization of NAD+ Synthesis and Functions in Mammalian Cells
Open accessAbstract
The numerous biological roles of NAD+ are organized and coordinated via its compartmentalization within cells. The spatial and temporal partitioning of this intermediary metabolite is intrinsic to understanding the impact of NAD+ on cellular signaling and metabolism. We review evidence supporting the compartmentalization of steady-state NAD+ levels in cells, as well as how the modulation of NAD+ synthesis dynamically regulates signaling by controlling subcellular NAD+ concentrations. We further discuss potential benefits to the cell of compartmentalizing NAD+, and methods for measuring subcellular NAD+ levels.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“NAD+ is highly compartmentalized in the cytoplasm, mitochondria and nucleus, which represent its main subcellular pools (Supplementary Box 1).”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
In the citing paper
“These pools are regulated independently of each other, and consistent with this, the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis or degradation of NAD+ are highly compartmentalized as well2–4.”
From NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity
Chen, T.-W., Wardill, T. J., Sun, Y., Pulver, S. R., Renninger, S. L., Baohan, A., Schreiter, E. R., Kerr, R. A., Orger, M. B., Jayaraman, V., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12354 · Cited by 6,474
Understanding the Intersections between Metabolism and Cancer Biology
Heiden, M. G. V., & DeBerardinis, R. J. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.039 · Cited by 2,369
Sirtuins as regulators of metabolism and healthspan
Houtkooper, R. H., Pirinen, E., & Auwerx, J. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3293 · Cited by 2,008
Williamson, D., Lund, P., & Krebs, H. (1967) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1030514 · Cited by 1,871
Gomes, A. P., Price, N. L., Ling, A. J. Y., Moslehi, J. J., Montgomery, M. K., Rajman, L., White, J. P., Teodoro, J. S., Wrann, C. D., Hubbard, B. P., et al. (2013) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.037 · Cited by 1,482
NAD+ and sirtuins in aging and disease
Imai, S.-I., & Guarente, L. (2014) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2014.04.002 · Cited by 1,481
New insights into the molecular and cellular functions of poly(ADP-ribose) and PARPs
Gibson, B. A., & Kraus, W. L. (2012) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm3376 · Cited by 1,226
Self-citationCircadian Control of the NAD + Salvage Pathway by CLOCK-SIRT1
Nakahata, Y., Sahar, S., Astarita, G., Kaluzova, M., & Sassone-Corsi, P. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1170803 · Cited by 1,198
Circadian Clock Feedback Cycle Through NAMPT-Mediated NAD + Biosynthesis
Ramsey, K. M., Yoshino, J., Brace, C. S., Abrassart, D., Kobayashi, Y., Marcheva, B., Hong, H.-K., Chong, J. L., Buhr, E. D., Lee, C., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1171641 · Cited by 1,126
NAD(H) and NADP(H) Redox Couples and Cellular Energy Metabolism
Xiao, W., Wang, R., Handy, D. E., & Loscalzo, J. (2017) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2017.7216 · Cited by 1,062
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Nikiforov, 2011, Pathways and subcellular compartmentation of NAD biosynthesis in human cells: from entry of extracellular precursors to mitochondrial NAD generation, J. Biol. Chem., 286, 21767, 10.1074/jbc.M110.213298 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing
Covarrubias, A. J., Perrone, R., Grozio, A., & Verdin, E. (2021) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-00313-x · Cited by 1,617
Molecular mechanisms of ischemia and glutamate excitotoxicity
Neves, D., Salazar, I. L., Almeida, R. D., & Silva, R. M. (2023) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121814 · Cited by 233
ADP-ribosylation from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications
Suskiewicz, M. J., Prokhorova, E. A., Rack, J. G. M., & Ahel, I. (2023) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.030 · Cited by 196
Principles and functions of metabolic compartmentalization
Bar‐Peled, L., & Kory, N. (2022) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-022-00645-2 · Cited by 194
PARPs in lipid metabolism and related diseases
Szántó, M., Gupte, R., Kraus, W. L., Pacher, P., & Bai, P. (2021) · Progress in Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101117 · Cited by 181
Self-citationNAD metabolism: Role in senescence regulation and aging
Chini, C. C. S., Cordeiro, H. S., Tran, N. L. K., & Chini, E. N. (2023) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13920 · Cited by 148
“Synthesis of NAD in the body occurs through both extracellular and intracellular pathways (Cambronne & Kraus, 2020; Cantó et al., 2015; Liu, Su, et al., 2018).”
BackgroundCarboranes as unique pharmacophores in antitumor medicinal chemistry
Chen, Y., Du, F., Tang, L., Xu, J., Zhao, Y., Wu, X., Li, M., Shen, J., Wen, Q., Cho, C. H., et al. (2022) · Molecular Therapy — Oncolytics · doi:10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.005 · Cited by 124
Crosstalk between metabolism and epigenetics during macrophage polarization
Zhang, K., & Jagannath, C. (2025) · Epigenetics & Chromatin · doi:10.1186/s13072-025-00575-9 · Cited by 137
“This compartmentalization appears crucial for the immune response to foreign invaders but poses significant challenges for investigation as techniques to measure sirtuin targets and compartment-specific NAD + levels are limited and not yet widely accessible [156, 173].”
The autophagy–NAD axis in longevity and disease
Wilson, N., Kataura, T., Korsgen, M. E., Sun, C., Sarkar, S., & Korolchuk, V. I. (2023) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2023.02.004 · Cited by 108
Emerging role of PARP‐1 and PARthanatos in ischemic stroke
Liu, S., Luo, W., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15464 · Cited by 105
“Interestingly, NAD+ pools in these subcellular compartments have non- redundant functions (Cambronne & Kraus, 2020).”
BackgroundAxonal energy metabolism, and the effects in aging and neurodegenerative diseases
Yang, S., Park, J. H., & Lu, H.-C. (2023) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-023-00634-3 · Cited by 94
Tryptophan metabolism and disposition in cancer biology and immunotherapy
Badawy, A. A. ‐. (2022) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20221682 · Cited by 80
PARPs and ADP-ribosylation: Deciphering the complexity with molecular tools
Dasovich, M., & Leung, A. K. L. (2023) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2023.04.009 · Cited by 69
The therapeutic perspective of NAD+ precursors in age-related diseases
Iqbal, T., & Nakagawa, T. (2024) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149590 · Cited by 68
Subcellular NAD+ pools are interconnected and buffered by mitochondrial NAD+
Høyland, L. E., VanLinden, M. R., Niere, M., Strømland, Ø., Sharma, S. A., Dietze, J., Tolås, I., Lucena, E., Bifulco, E., Sverkeli, L. J., et al. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01174-w · Cited by 71
The Drama of Wallerian Degeneration: The Cast, Crew, and Script
Zhang, K., Jiang, M., & Fang, Y. (2021) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-071819-103917 · Cited by 59
Age-Dependent Decline of NAD+—Universal Truth or Confounded Consensus?
Peluso, A. A., Damgaard, M. V., Mori, M. A., & Treebak, J. T. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14010101 · Cited by 61
“We know from animal studies that mitochondrial, nuclear and cytoplasmic NAD+ levels are all regulated individually [100].”
BackgroundImpact of NAD+ metabolism on ovarian aging
Liang, J., Huang, F., Song, Z., Tang, R., Zhang, P., & Chen, R. (2023) · Immunity & Ageing · doi:10.1186/s12979-023-00398-w · Cited by 59
NAD+ metabolism-based immunoregulation and therapeutic potential
Fang, J., Chen, W., Hou, P., Liu, Z., Zuo, M., Liu, S., Feng, C., Han, Y., Li, P., Shi, Y., et al. (2023) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01031-5 · Cited by 55
“Thus, PARPs and sirtuins in the same subcellular compartmentation have counterbalancing roles in the regulation of NAD+ homeostasis [55].”
BackgroundPu, Q., Guo, X., Hu, J.-J., Li, A.-L., Li, G., & Li, X. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112659 · Cited by 51
Poljšak, B., Kovač, V., Špalj, S., & Milisav, I. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24032959 · Cited by 56
“NAD+ is also phosphorylated by NAD+ kinase to generate NADP+, which in turn is reduced by dehydrogenases to generate NADPH [12].”
BackgroundInfluentialEmerging strategies, applications and challenges of targeting NAD+ in the clinic
Zhang, J., Wang, H., Lautrup, S., Nilsen, H. L., Treebak, J. T., Watne, L. O., Selbæk, G., Wu, L. E., Omland, T., Pirinen, E., et al. (2025) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-025-00947-6 · Cited by 63
“Additionally, NAD + turnover rates vary across tissues and physiological or pathological states, making steady-state measurements insufficient for capturing these dynamic differences 197 .”
Sirtuins: The NAD + -Dependent Multifaceted Modulators of Inflammation
Santos, L., Benítez-Rosendo, A., Bresque, M., Camacho-Pereira, J., Calliari, A. J., & Escande, C. (2023) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2023.0295 · Cited by 49
“Reported NAD + concentrations in cells vary between studies and methodologies, but are generally in the range of 50–120 l M , making this a very abundant molecule in cells (Cambronne and Kraus, 2020).”
SLC25A51 decouples the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratio to control proliferation of AML cells
Lu, M., Busquets, J., Impedovo, V., Wilson, C. N., Chan, H., Chang, Y.-T., Matsui, W. H., Tiziani, S., & Cambronne, X. A. (2024) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.013 · Cited by 47
Self-citationBalancing NAD+ deficits with nicotinamide riboside: therapeutic possibilities and limitations
Cercillieux, A., Ciarlo, E., & Cantó, C. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04499-5 · Cited by 42
Coordinated metabolic transitions and gene expression by NAD+ during adipogenesis
Sánchez-Ramírez, E., Ung, T. P. L., del Carmen, A. A., del Toro-Ríos, X., Fajardo-Orduña, G. R., Noriega, L. G., Cortés-Morales, V. A., Tovar, A. R., Montesinos, J. J., Orozco-Solís, R., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202111137 · Cited by 41
Local and dynamic regulation of neuronal glycolysis in vivo
Wolfe, A. D., Koberstein, J. N., Smith, C. B., Stewart, M. L., Gonzalez, I. J., Hammarlund, M., Hyman, A. A., Stork, P. A., Goodman, R. H., & Colón‐Ramos, D. A. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2314699121 · Cited by 38
“There is considerable evidence that different regions within a neuron have distinct metabolic capabilities depending on their differing and often dynamic energy requirements (29–31).”
BackgroundZeng, H., Xu, J., Wang, X., Li, S., & Han, Z. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113441 · Cited by 39
Current Uncertainties and Future Challenges Regarding NAD+ Boosting Strategies
Poljšak, B., Kovač, V., & Milisav, I. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11091637 · Cited by 42
Exploring the role of parthanatos in CNS injury: Molecular insights and therapeutic approaches
Zhang, J., Hu, X., Geng, Y., Xiang, L., Wu, Y., Li, Y., Yang, L., & Zhou, K. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2024.04.031 · Cited by 40
“Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is a coenzyme for redox reactions and is involved in multiple catabolic pathways, including glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid oxidation, thus making it central to energy metabolism [39–41].”
Chen, Y., Yang, L., Lu, Y., Liu, N., Ma, W., Fan, H., Hu, Q., Han, X., Gan, W., & Li, D. (2022) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215689 · Cited by 34
Metabolic Fuel for Epigenetic: Nuclear Production Meets Local Consumption
Boon, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.768996 · Cited by 35
“These pathways converge in the generation of nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) or nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) that are then condensed with AMP through the activity of compartmentalized NMN (NMNAT) enzymes (Cambronne and Kraus, 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialDwivedi, S. K., Arachchige, D. L., Waters, M. G. J., Jaeger, S., Mahmoud, M. E., Olowolagba, A. M., Tucker, D. R., Geborkoff, M. R., Werner, T., Luck, R. L., et al. (2023) · Sensors and Actuators B Chemical · doi:10.1016/j.snb.2023.135073 · Cited by 30
A metabolic signature for NADSYN1-dependent congenital NAD deficiency disorder
Szot, J. O., Cuny, H., Martin, E. M. M. A., Sheng, D. Z., Iyer, K. R., Portelli, S., Nguyen, V., Gereis, J. M., Alankarage, D., Chitayat, D. A., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci174824 · Cited by 34
Uncovering the Invisible: Mono-ADP-ribosylation Moved into the Spotlight
Hopp, A.-K., & Hottiger, M. O. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10030680 · Cited by 33
“The salvage pathway depends on the expression level of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and the nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases (NMNATs), NMNAT1, 2 and 3 [42,43].”
BackgroundNew cases that expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of Congenital NAD Deficiency Disorder
Szot, J. O., Slavotinek, A. M., Chong, K., Brandau, O., Nezarati, M. M., Cueto-González, A. M., Patel, M. S., Devine, W. P., Rego, S. M., Acyinena, A. P., et al. (2021) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.24211 · Cited by 34
“Owing to an inability to import NAD, mammalian cells synthesize NAD de novo from L‐tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway, or from the conversion of its dietary precursors nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and nicotinamide riboside via the Preiss‐Handler and salvage pathways (Cambronne & Kraus, 2020).”
BackgroundOdoh, C. K., Guo, X., Arnone, J. T., Wang, X., & Zhao, Z. K. (2022) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-022-09958-x · Cited by 29
“The NAD molecule along with the biosynthesis and degradation enzymes are compartmentalized in the cell cytoplasm and also regulated within other cellular organelles (mitochondria and nucleus) (Cambronne and Kraus 2020; Verdin 2015).”
BackgroundOrgan Protection by Caloric Restriction Depends on Activation of the De Novo NAD+ Synthesis Pathway
Späth, M. R., Hoyer-Allo, K. J. R., Seufert, L., Höhne, M., Lucas, C., Bock, T., Isermann, L., Brodesser, S., Lackmann, J., Kiefer, K., et al. (2023) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.0000000000000087 · Cited by 27
Channeling Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to Address Life and Death
Reddy, V. G., Krider, I. S., Alves, E. T. M., Courey, J. M., Laham, M. S., & Thatcher, G. R. J. (2024) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02112 · Cited by 27
Sokolov, D., Sechrest, E., Wang, Y., Nevin, C., Du, J., & Kolandaivelu, S. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.71185 · Cited by 26
The evolution of small molecule enzyme activators
Dow, L. F., Case, A. M., Paustian, M. P., Pinkerton, B. R., Simeon, P., & Trippier, P. C. (2023) · RSC Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d3md00399j · Cited by 29
Targeting NAD+ Metabolism to Modulate Autoimmunity and Inflammation
Wu, J., Han, K., & Sack, M. N. (2024) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2300693 · Cited by 27
Benjamin, C., & Crews, R. (2024) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo14060341 · Cited by 25
“Three independent pathways, meticulously controlled by unique sets of enzymes and precursors, ensure sufficient NAD+ levels within its specific compartments: cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus [19] (Figure 1).”
BackgroundZhao, S., Hong, Y. S., Liang, Y.-Y., Li, X., Shen, J., Sun, C.-C., Chu, L., Hu, J., Wang, H., Xu, D., et al. (2022) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2022.102414 · Cited by 24
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Research Process in Cardiovascular Diseases
Deng, H., Ding, D., Ma, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, N., Zhang, C., & Yang, G. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25179526 · Cited by 25
Meng, Y.-F., Pu, Q., Dai, S.-Y., Ma, Q., Li, X., & Zhu, W. J. (2021) · Journal of Inflammation Research · doi:10.2147/jir.s292764 · Cited by 23
NAD + , Axonal Maintenance, and Neurological Disease
Alexandris, A. S., & Koliatsos, V. E. (2023) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2023.0350 · Cited by 20
“At the cellular level, NAD + metabolism is highly partitioned, and different compartments have distinct NAD + pools (Cambronne and Kraus, 2020) (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialSource of nicotinamide governs its metabolic fate in cultured cells, mice, and humans
Dutta, T., Kapoor, N., Mathew, M., Chakraborty, S. S., Ward, N. P., Prieto-Farigua, N., Falzone, A., DeLany, J. P., Smith, S. R., Coen, P. M., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112218 · Cited by 19
Shen, Z., Ratia, K. M., Krider, I. S., Ackerman-Berrier, M. S., Penton, C., Musku, S. R., Gordon-Blake, J. M., Laham, M. S., Christie, N., Ma, N., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01406 · Cited by 21
Unconventional metabolites in chromatin regulation
Gapa, L., Alfardus, H., & Fischle, W. (2022) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20211558 · Cited by 21
Toward spatially resolved metabolomics
Fox, B. W., & Schroeder, F. C. (2020) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-020-00650-0 · Cited by 19
Anterograde regulation of mitochondrial genes and FGF21 signaling by hepatic LSD1
Cao, Y., Tang, L., Du, K., Paraiso, K. D., Sun, Q., Liu, Z., Ye, X., Fang, Y., Yuan, F., Chen, H., et al. (2021) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.147692 · Cited by 20
“Three forms of 3 NMNATs catalyze NAD synthesis in different cellular compartments (15, 16), among which 4 NMNAT1 is localized to the nucleus.”
BackgroundGu, Y., Gao, L., He, J., Luo, M., Hu, M. Y., Lin, Y., Li, J., Hou, T., Si, J., & Yu, Y. (2024) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d3fo05221d · Cited by 18
Moonlighting Enzymes at the Interface Between Metabolism and Epigenetics
van der Knaap, J. A., & Verrijzer, C. P. (2025) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-030122-044718 · Cited by 17
The Role of Methionine Residues in the Regulation of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Aledo, J. C. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11081248 · Cited by 17
“In this regard, compartmentalization has long been recognized as an important strategy of cellular regulation [1,2].”
BackgroundLan, T., Shang, D., Lin, L., Wang, H., Zou, J., Hu, M., Cheng, H., & Zhou, R. (2025) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2025.2589909 · Cited by 15
“This compartmentalization is exemplified by NAD + - utilizing enzymes (e.g. SIRTs, PARPs, and CD38), which reside in specific subcellular locations to execute distinct functions, thereby creating discrete pools for NAD + synthesis and functions [19].”
Dual-targeted NAMPT inhibitors as a progressive strategy for cancer therapy
Özgencil, F., Gunindi, H. B., & Eren, G. (2024) · Bioorganic Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107509 · Cited by 15
Ratiometric NAD + Sensors Reveal Subcellular NAD + Modulators
Chen, L., Chen, M., Luo, M., Li, Y., Liao, B., Hu, M., & Yu, Q. (2023) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.2c02565 · Cited by 17
A Molecular Perspective and Role of NAD+ in Ovarian Aging
Ahmed, M., Riaz, U., Lv, H., & Yang, L. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25094680 · Cited by 15
“NAD synthase (NADS) then converts this NAAD to NAD + [13,66].”
BackgroundRen, C., Shuang, Z., Chen, Y., Deng, K., Kuang, M., Gong, Z., Zhang, K., Wang, P., Huang, P., Zhou, Z., et al. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202400453r · Cited by 14
“55,57,64,98,99 However, within the mitochondria, the NAD + /NADH ratio is notably lower, ranging from 5:1 to 10:1, suggesting that NAD + /NADH may exert a more substantial influence on mitochondria.”
InfluentialJones, A., & Kraus, W. L. (2022) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.349335.121 · Cited by 15
Self-citationDamschroder, D., Perez, R. Z., Richardson, K., Vaz, F. M., Houtkooper, R. H., & Wessells, R. J. (2022) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.049279 · Cited by 13
“Therefore, NR supplementation likely increases the abundance of NAD + in the nuclear and mitochondrial compartment (Cantó et al., 2012; Cambronne and Kraus, 2020; Mehmel et al., 2020).”
Evolution of a histone variant involved in compartmental regulation of NAD metabolism
Guberović, I., Hurtado-Bagès, S., Rivera-Casas, C., Knobloch, G., Malinverni, R., Valero, V., Leger, M. M., García, J., Basquin, J., de Cedrón, M. G., et al. (2021) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/s41594-021-00692-5 · Cited by 12
NMNAT1 and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP): expanding the phenotypic spectrum of NMNAT1 variants
Sadr, Z., Ghasemi, A., Rohani, M., & Alavi, A. (2023) · Neuromuscular Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.001 · Cited by 12
Nicotinamide mononucleotide: An emerging nutraceutical against cardiac aging?
Wei, Z., Chai, H., Chen, Y., Cheng, Y., & Liu, X. (2021) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2021.08.006 · Cited by 13
Hou, S., Xu, H. Z., Lei, S., & Zhao, D. (2024) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-024-02229-3 · Cited by 11
“Patients with pelvic infection, reproductive abnormalities, abnormal uterine bleeding, malignant tumors, and those who received any hormone therapy within six months before the collection were excluded.”
BackgroundNAD+-dependent mechanism of pathological axon degeneration
Cao, Y., Wang, Y., & Yang, J. H. (2022) · Cell Insight · doi:10.1016/j.cellin.2022.100019 · Cited by 10
Biological Functions and Therapeutic Potential of NAD+ Metabolism in Gynecological Cancers
Myong, S., Nguyen, A. Q., & Challa, S. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16173085 · Cited by 10
Dong, H., Guo, W., Yue, R., Sun, X., & Zhou, Z. (2024) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1016/j.labinv.2024.100329 · Cited by 10
Ross, S. M. (2021) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000461 · Cited by 9
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form)
Ferro, V., & Moco, S. (2024) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2024.08.007 · Cited by 9
Quantitative dynamics of intracellular NMN by genetically encoded biosensor
Chen, L., Wang, P., Huang, G., Cheng, W., Liu, K., & Yu, Q. (2024) · Biosensors and Bioelectronics · doi:10.1016/j.bios.2024.116842 · Cited by 9
Colombo, G., Gelardi, E. L. M., Balestrero, F. C., Moro, M., Travelli, C., & Genazzani, A. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.758320 · Cited by 9
“, 2005), while NMNAT3 in mitochondria or cytoplasm (Cambronne and Kraus, 2020).”
BackgroundEffect of circadian rhythm on NAD and other metabolites in human brain
Cuenoud, B. M., Huang, Z., Hartweg, M., Widmaier, M., Lim, S., Wenz, D., & Xin, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1285776 · Cited by 9
“Mammalian circadian rhythms are coordinated with metabolic activity through controlled expression of Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) (Cambronne and Kraus, 2020).”
BackgroundComplexity of subcellular metabolism: strategies for compartment-specific profiling
More, T. H., & Hiller, K. (2022) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102711 · Cited by 9
Autophagy–NAD+ axis: emerging insights into neuronal homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases
Koçak, G., Dimas, M. M., Silva, L., Silva-Amaral, D., Sun, C., Cruddas, S., Barrett, T. G., Martins‐de‐Souza, D., Cunha‐Neto, E., Brocardo, P. S., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1695486 · Cited by 8
Narne, P., & Phanithi, P. B. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-022-01287-4 · Cited by 9
NAD+-Consuming Enzymes in Stem Cell Homeostasis
Ji, X., Zheng, M., Yu, T., Kang, J., Fan, T., & Xu, B. (2023) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2023/4985726 · Cited by 8
“Sirtuins have various activities, containing different lysine deacetylation reactions, ADP ribosylation, and removal of lipid modifications [11, 12].”
BackgroundLiu, Y., Bu, Q., Hu, D., Chen, C., Zhu, J., Zhou, Q., Li, Z., & Pan, X. (2024) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114137 · Cited by 7
Zhao, X., Lv, P., Cai, Z., Dong, J., Chen, W., Sun, L., & Yang, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1579924 · Cited by 9
The Human Cardiac “Age‐OME”: Age‐Specific Changes in Myocardial Molecular Expression
Malecki, C., Guglielmi, G., Hunter, B., Harney, D., Koay, Y. C., Don, A. S., Han, O., Khor, J. X. Y., Nguyen, L. L. H., Pan, M. M., et al. (2025) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.70219 · Cited by 7
NAD+ hydrolysis catalyzed by SelO is required for mitochondrial homeostasis
Jia, X., Zhang, T., Yang, C., Liu, K., Wu, L., Diao, L., Yang, Y., Wu, J., Li, Y., Sun, W., et al. (2026) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2026.01.033 · Cited by 8
Guardians of the cell: mitochondria as a rheostat for cellular NAD+ levels
Fitzpatrick, F., & Kory, N. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01160-2 · Cited by 6
Hitting the Bullseye: Endogenous Electrophiles Show Remarkable Nuance in Signaling Regulation
Long, M. J. C., Herrera, P. A. M., & Aye, Y. (2022) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00006 · Cited by 5
Shaping death: how the microbiome regulates tumour cell demise and therapy response
Raudenská, M., Balvan, J., Zgarbová, E., Kalfeřt, D., Plzák, J., & Masařík, M. (2026) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-026-10318-1 · Cited by 5
“The salvage pathway recycles nicotinamide, NA, nicotinamide riboside (NR), and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NAM) back to NAD ⁺ , with nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) controlling the rate-limiting step [114].”
NAD+ homeostasis and its role in exercise adaptation: A comprehensive review
Jiang, Z., Luo, X., Han, C., Qin, Y.-Y., Pan, S.-Y., Qin, Z.-H., Bao, J., & Luo, L. (2024) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.09.036 · Cited by 6
Abbas, K., Sharf, R., Alam, M., Sharf, Y., & Usmani, N. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Medicine · doi:10.13078/jsm.240015 · Cited by 5
“20 Although poly(adenosine diphosphate [ADP] ribose) transferase is involved in NAD+-consuming pathways, it does not possess deacetylase activity.”
Siegel, D. M., Harris, P. S., Michel, C. R., de Cabo, R., Fritz, K. S., & Ross, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1015642 · Cited by 5
“The compartmentalization of pyridine nucleotide cofactors (NAD: NADH and NADP:NADPH) is also a unique cellular feature that is tightly regulated to direct biochemical reactions, including those catalyzed by oxidoreductases in response to cellular stress (Canto et al., 2015; Cambronne and Kraus, 2020).”
BackgroundGong, M., Li, H., Jiao, L., Liu, T., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Liu, D., Li, Z., et al. (2025) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2025.06.006 · Cited by 4
CD38-NAD(+) Axis: New Insights into Glaucoma Therapy
Zhang, W., Zheng, H., Pang, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05243-3 · Cited by 6
Redox therapy for neuropsychiatric disorders: Molecular mechanisms and biomarker development
Cuklanz, K., Stein, A., Chouinard, V., Öngür, D., & Du, F. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aea9014 · Cited by 5
Building Localized NADP(H) Recycling Circuits to Advance Enzyme Cascadetronics
Herold, R. A., Schofield, C. J., & Armstrong, F. A. (2025) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202414176 · Cited by 4
The intersection between metabolism and translation through a subcellular lens.
Santoro, M. M. (2025) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2025.05.003 · Cited by 6
Sun, J. K., Wong, G. C., & Chow, H. (2023) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15881 · Cited by 4
NAD+ Homeostasis and Autophagy: Integrated Control Through Nutrient Signaling in Yeast and Mammals
McDaniel, M., Lee, L.-H., & Lin, S.-J. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14191495 · Cited by 4
“For example, mitochondrial NAD + pools appear to be largely insensitive to cytosolic and nuclear NAD + depletion [62].”
NAD+ sensing by PARP7 regulates the C/EBPβ-dependent transcription program during adipogenesis
Stokes, M. S., Kim, Y. J., Kim, Y., Koul, S., Chiu, S.-P., Liu, C., Dasovich, M., Zuniga, J., Nandu, T. S., Huang, D., et al. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.116929 · Cited by 5
Self-citationPuthanveetil, P. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13020374 · Cited by 3
Rice, J., Lautrup, S., & Fang, E. F. (2024) · Sub-cellular biochemistry/Subcellular biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-66768-8_4 · Cited by 4
Improved Yield for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Radiolabeled Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
Eller, J., Goyal, S., & Cambronne, X. A. (2023) · ACS Bio & Med Chem Au · doi:10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00065 · Cited by 3
Self-citationde la Lastra, J. M. P., Andrés, C. M. C., Munguira, E. B., Juan, C. A., & Lebeña, E. P. (2026) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb48050529 · Cited by 2
“…and, especially, microbiota-derived catabolites that reach extraintestinal tissues on delayed timelines set by distinctive pharmacokinetics [76]. γ -VLs from flavan-3-ols align with AhR-linked outputs alongside AMPK/PPAR tuning, consistent with modest-affinity ligands gaining leverage via…”
Metadata
- Authors
- Cambronne, X. A., & Kraus, W. L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cambronne, Xiaolu A.
- Kraus, W. Lee
- Venue
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-10
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 858-873
- ISSN
- 0968-0004 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7502477
- OpenAlex
- W3037844642
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 1.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Trends in Biochemical Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Biochemical and Molecular Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
- Keywords
- NAD+, compartmentalization, NAD+ synthesis, cellular metabolism, signal transduction, subcellular compartmentalization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Compartmentation, NAD, Subcellular Fractions, Signal Transduction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
