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Health impacts of different edible oils prepared from coconut (Cocos nucifera): A comprehensive review
Abstract
Edible oils, preferably plant origin are rich sources of fatty acids and other lipophilic antioxidants to the body. Among these, oils derived from the coconut kernel (Cocos nucifera) are widely used in India and the Asia Pacific, which includes copra oil (CO), virgin coconut oil (VCO) and refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) oil. Based on the mode of preparation, their composition and biological effects vary.This review compares the physicochemical and biological properties of coconut oils prepared by different methods. The metabolism of coconut oil and its predominant content lauric acid is also explained. This review emphasizes the use of VCO in the prevention and amelioration of several degenerative diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancers, over CO or RBD oils.There are no evident differences in the fatty acid profiles of CO, VCO and RBD oils. However, they differ in their polyphenol contents, which are reported to be high in VCO, possibly due to less harsh treatment during its preparation. Various epidemiological and clinical reports indicating the health risk of coconut oils could be pertinent to the data on the individuals consumed CO/RBD oil, which lacks polyphenols. Whereas, VCO have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering and cytoprotective efficacies, which may be attributed to its higher polyphenolics. Further, emerging studies have indicated that hot-extracted VCO (H-VCO) have a pharmacological advantage over VCO prepared by fermentation. At this juncture, further explorations on the biopharmaceutical potential of VCO have to be undertaken through clinical studies.
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“In vitro experiments demonstrate the efficacy of coconut oil (CO) extracts in inhibiting the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, including colon, mammary, liver, lung, and oral cancers [129, 131].”
From Nutritional composition and bioactive properties of tropical coconut palm fruit with functional food applications (2025) · cites this paper as [129]
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“Unrefined VCO, particularly hot-extracted and fermented variants, exhibits higher inhibition and radical scavenging bioactivity [129].”
From Nutritional composition and bioactive properties of tropical coconut palm fruit with functional food applications (2025) · cites this paper as [129]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Narayanankutty, A., Illam, S. P., & Raghavamenon, A. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Calicut (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Raghavamenon, Achuthan C.
- Venue
- Trends in Food Science & Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 80
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 0924-2244 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2885292895
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Food Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Scientific and Industrial Research, India (09/869(0012)/2012 EMR-I)
- Science, Technology and Environment (01/FSHP MAIN/2015/KSCSTE)
- Medical Research (3/2/2/8/2018/Online Onco Fship/NCD-III)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Coconut Research and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Keywords
- virgin coconut oil, copra oil, fatty acid composition, polyphenols, lauric acid, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory activity, hypolipidemic effect, cardiovascular disease, cancer prevention, degenerative diseases
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