The DOI matches its Crossref record; 134 of the 134 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
NOW vs LATER brain circuits: implications for obesity and addiction
Abstract
Balancing behaviors that provide a reward NOW versus behaviors that provide an advantage LATER is critical for survival. We propose a model in which dopamine (DA) can favor NOW processes through phasic signaling in reward circuits or LATER processes through tonic signaling in control circuits. At the same time, through its modulation of the orbitofrontal cortex, which processes salience attribution, DA also enables shifting from NOW to LATER, while its modulation of the insula, which processes interoceptive information, influences the probability of selecting NOW vs LATER actions on the basis of an individual's physiological state. Disruptions along these circuits contribute to diverse pathologies, including obesity and addiction.
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“An evolutionarily conserved neurobiological strategy for sur vival is the motivation to seek out positive rewarding stimuli (e.g., food and sex) and to avoid negative aversive ones (e.g., pain and environmental threats) 32 .”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“In obesity, the salience network integrates salient information to make decisions regarding food intake 92, 93, 94, 95 and, together with the executive control network, inhibits reward impulses 96, 97.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“Food addiction has been implicated in obesity as a result of alterations in the extended reward network 39, 40, 94; the somatosensory network represents an important component of the extended reward network, playing a key role in interoceptive and sensory awareness and generating appropriate motor responses 41, 100, 101.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [94]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Volkow, N. D., & Baler, R. D.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Volkow, Nora D.
- ORCID
- Volkow, Nora D.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-06
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 345-352
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1584054336
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 3.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- delay discounting, dopamine signaling, phasic dopamine, tonic dopamine, reward systems, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, interoception, salience attribution, impulsivity, obesity, addiction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Dopamine, Humans, Neural Pathways, Obesity, Behavior, Addictive, Substance-Related Disorders, Delay Discounting
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