Methylphenidate and cocaine: the same effects on gene regulation?
Abstract
Methylphenidate (Ritalin), a psychostimulant used in the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, has pharmacological effects similar to cocaine and amphetamine. Clinical use of methylphenidate, as well as diversion and abuse, have significantly increased during the past 10-15 years, heightening concerns regarding the long-term effects of methylphenidate on the developing brain. Here we review the effects of acute and repeated methylphenidate treatment on molecules of neuronal signaling and neuroplasticity (including transcription factors, neuropeptides, and components of second messenger cascades) and compare these molecular effects with those produced by cocaine and amphetamine. Some molecular changes, such as altered transcription factor gene regulation, are similar to those of cocaine and amphetamine. Other effects, notably those on the expression of opioid peptides and postsynaptic density molecules (Homer 1a), differ between methylphenidate and cocaine or amphetamine treatment. These differences support the notion that methylphenidate produces less neuroadaptations than cocaine and amphetamine, and might provide a molecular basis for reduced addiction liability of methylphenidate compared with these other psychostimulants.
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Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed medication for childhood ADHD, and has binding affinity for both the DA and norepinephrine transporters.
“Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed medication for childhood ADHD, and has binding affinity for both the DA and norepinephrine transporters [497].”
From Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings (2012) · cites this paper as [497]
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- Authors
- YANO, M., & STEINER, H.
- Affiliations
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- Corresponding author
- STEINER, H
- Venue
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 588-596
- ISSN
- 0165-6147 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1979447206
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA011261, R01DA011261, F30DA017998, DA017998)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- methylphenidate, cocaine, amphetamine, psychostimulants, gene expression regulation, transcription factors, neuroplasticity, neuropeptides, opioid peptides, Homer1a, postsynaptic density, second messenger cascades, addiction liability, neural adaptation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug abuse
- MeSH terms
- Amphetamine, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Animals, Cocaine, Corpus Striatum, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Methylphenidate, Molecular Structure
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