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Cited by 289

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Punishment and cooperation in nature

Open access
Raihani, Nichola J., Thornton, Alex, Bshary, Redouan·2012·Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Abstract

Humans use punishment to promote cooperation in laboratory experiments but evidence that punishment plays a similar role in non-human animals is comparatively rare. In this article, we examine why this may be the case by reviewing evidence from both laboratory experiments on humans and ecologically relevant studies on non-human animals. Generally, punishment appears to be most probable if players differ in strength or strategic options. Although these conditions are common in nature, punishment (unlike other forms of aggression) involves immediate payoff reductions to both punisher and target, with net benefits to punishers contingent on cheats behaving more cooperatively in future interactions. In many cases, aggression yielding immediate benefits may suffice to deter cheats and might explain the relative scarcity of punishment in nature.

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Metadata

Authors
Raihani, N. J., Thornton, A., & Bshary, R.
Venue
Trends in Ecology & Evolution
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-05
Volume
27
Issue
5
Pages
288-295
ISSN
0169-5347 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2112757282
Cited by
289
References
8
FWCI
19.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Punishment and cooperation in nature. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.tree.2011.12.004
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Raihani, N. J., Thornton, A., & Bshary, R. (2012). Punishment and cooperation in nature. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2011.12.004

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