Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 205

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ecological character displacement: glass half full or half empty?

Open access
Stuart, Yoel E., Losos, Jonathan B.·2013·Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Abstract

Ecological character displacement (ECD), the evolutionary divergence of competing species, has oscillated wildly in scientific opinion. Initially thought to play a central role in community assembly and adaptive radiation, ECD recovered from a 1980s nadir to present-day prominence on the strength of many case studies compiled in several influential reviews. However, we reviewed recent studies and found that only nine of 144 cases are strong examples that have ruled out alternative explanations for an ECD-like pattern. We suggest that the rise in esteem of ECD has outpaced available data and that more complete, rather than simply more, case studies are needed. Recent years have revealed that evolutionary change can be observed as it occurs, opening the door to experimental field studies as a new approach to studying ECD.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tree.2013.02.014

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 47

  1. Brown, 1956, Character displacement, Syst. Zool., 5, 49, 10.2307/2411924 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Hairston, 2005, Rapid evolution and the convergence of ecological and evolutionary time, Ecol. Lett., 8, 1114, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00812.x · DOI · Paper page
  3. Schoener, 2011, The newest synthesis: understanding the interplay of evolutionary and ecological dynamics, Science, 331, 426, 10.1126/science.1193954 · DOI · Paper page
  4. MacArthur, 1958, Population ecology of some warblers of Northeastern coniferous forests, Ecology, 39, 599, 10.2307/1931600 · DOI · Paper page
  5. Connell, 1961, The influence of interspecific competition and other factors on the distribution of the barnacle Chthamalus stellatus, Ecology, 42, 710, 10.2307/1933500 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Hutchinson, 1959, Homage to Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of animals?, Am. Nat., 93, 145, 10.1086/282070 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Schoener, 1982, The controversy over interspecific competition: despite spirited criticism, competition continues to occupy a major domain in ecological thought, Am. Sci., 70, 586
  8. Hardin, 1960, The competitive exclusion principle, Science, 131, 1292, 10.1126/science.131.3409.1292 · DOI · Paper page
  9. MacArthur, 1964, Competition, habitat selection, and character displacement in a patchy environment, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 51, 1207, 10.1073/pnas.51.6.1207 · DOI · Paper page
  10. MacArthur, 1967, The limiting similarity, convergence, and divergence of coexisting species, Am. Nat., 101, 377, 10.1086/282505 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Case, 1979, Character displacement and coevolution in some Cnemidophorus lizards, Fortschr. Zool., 25, 235
  12. Grant, 1972, Convergent and divergent character displacement, Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 4, 39, 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1972.tb00690.x · DOI · Paper page
  13. Lewin, 1983, Santa Rosalia was a goat, Science, 221, 636, 10.1126/science.221.4611.636 · doi:10.1126/science.221.4611.636
  14. Dayan, 2005, Ecological and community-wide character displacement: the next generation, Ecol. Lett., 8, 875, 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00791.x · DOI · Paper page
  15. Wiens, 1977, On competition and variable environments: populations may experience ‘ecological crunches’ in variable climates, nullifying the assumptions of competition theory and limiting the usefulness of short-term studies of population patterns, Am. Sci., 65, 590
  16. Strong, 1979, Tests of community-wide character displacement against null hypotheses, Evolution, 33, 897, 10.2307/2407653 · DOI
  17. Simberloff, 1981, Santa Rosalia reconsidered: size ratios and competition, Evolution, 35, 1206, 10.2307/2408133 · DOI
  18. Connell, 1980, Diversity and the coevolution of competitors, or the Ghost of Competition Past, Oikos, 35, 131, 10.2307/3544421 · DOI · Paper page
  19. Slatkin, 1980, Ecological character displacement, Ecology, 61, 163, 10.2307/1937166 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Schoener, 1983, Field experiments of interspecific competition, Am. Nat., 122, 240, 10.1086/284133 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Goldberg, 1992, Patterns and consequences of interspecific competition in natural communities; a review of field experiments with plants, Am. Nat., 139, 771, 10.1086/285357 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Gurevitch, 1992, A meta-analysis of competition in field experiments, Am. Nat., 140, 539, 10.1086/285428 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Taper, 1985, Quantitative genetic models for the coevolution of character displacement, Ecology, 66, 355, 10.2307/1940385 · DOI · Paper page
  24. Abrams, 1986, Character displacement and niche shift analysed using consumer–resource models of competition, Theor. Popul. Biol., 29, 107, 10.1016/0040-5809(86)90007-9 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Schluter, 1992, Ecological character displacement and speciation in sticklebacks, Am. Nat., 140, 85, 10.1086/285404 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Rando, 2010, Disentangling ancient interactions: a new extinct passerine provides insights on character displacement among extinct and extant island finches, PLoS ONE, 5, e12956, 10.1371/journal.pone.0012956 · DOI
  27. Goldberg, 2012, Population regulation and character displacement in a seasonal environment, Am. Nat., 179, 693, 10.1086/665649 · doi:10.1086/665649
  28. Schluter, 2000, Ecological character displacement in adaptive radiation, Am. Nat., 156, S4, 10.1086/303412 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Hendry, 1999, The pace of modern life: measuring rates of contemporary microevolution, Evolution, 53, 1637, 10.2307/2640428 · doi:10.2307/2640428
  30. Kinnison, 2001, The pace of modern life II: from rates of contemporary microevolution to pattern and process, Genetica, 112–113, 145, 10.1023/A:1013375419520 · DOI · Paper page
  31. Grant, 2006, Evolution of character displacement in Darwin's finches, Science, 313, 224, 10.1126/science.1128374 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Reznick, 2005, Selection in nature: experimental manipulations of natural populations, Integr. Comp. Biol., 45, 456, 10.1093/icb/45.3.456 · DOI
  33. Le Gac, 2012, Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of coexisting lineages during a long-term experiment with Escherichia coli, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 109, 9487, 10.1073/pnas.1207091109 · DOI
  34. Bailey, 2012, Spatial structure of ecological opportunity drives adaptation in a bacterium, Am. Nat., 180, 270, 10.1086/666609 · doi:10.1086/666609
  35. Martin, 2011, Evaluating the targets of selection during character displacement, Evolution, 65, 2946, 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01357.x · DOI
  36. Holt, 1977, Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities, Theor. Popul. Biol., 12, 197, 10.1016/0040-5809(77)90042-9 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Blitzer, 2011, Emergence asynchrony between herbivores leads to apparent competition in the field, Ecology, 92, 2020, 10.1890/11-0117.1 · doi:10.1890/11-0117.1
  38. Grether, 2009, The role of interspecific interference competition in character displacement and the evolution of competitor recognition, Biol. Rev., 84, 617, 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00089.x · DOI · Paper page
  39. Polis, 1989, The ecology and evolution of intraguild predation: potential competitors that eat each other, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 20, 297, 10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001501 · doi:10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001501 · Paper page
  40. Pfennig, 2009, Character displacement: ecological and reproductive responses to a common evolutionary problem, Q. Rev. Biol., 84, 253, 10.1086/605079 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Pfennig, 2010, Character displacement and the origins of diversity, Am. Nat., 176, S22, 10.1086/657056 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Meiri, 2011, Community-wide character displacement in the presence of clines: a test of Holarctic weasel guilds, J. Anim. Ecol., 80, 824, 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01827.x · DOI
  43. Dayan, 1989, Inter- and intraspecific character displacement in Mustelids, Ecology, 70, 1526, 10.2307/1938210 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Pfennig, 2010, Phenotypic plasticity's impacts on diversification and speciation, Trends Ecol. Evol., 25, 459, 10.1016/j.tree.2010.05.006 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Ghalambor, 2007, Adaptive versus non-adaptive phenotypic plasticity and the potential for contemporary adaptation in new environments, Funct. Ecol., 21, 394, 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01283.x · DOI · Paper page
  46. Pfennig, 2006, Ecological opportunity and phenotypic plasticity interact to promote character displacement and species coexistence, Ecology, 87, 769, 10.1890/05-0787 · DOI
  47. Grant, 2010, Songs of Darwin's finches diverge when a new species enters a community, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 107, 20156, 10.1073/pnas.1015115107 · DOI

Cited by

See all 205

Metadata

Authors
Stuart, Y. E., & Losos, J. B.
Venue
Trends in Ecology & Evolution
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-07
Volume
28
Issue
7
Pages
402-408
ISSN
0169-5347 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2022853209
Cited by
205
References
2
FWCI
2.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Ecological character displacement: glass half full or half empty? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.tree.2013.02.014
The paper
Stuart, Y. E., & Losos, J. B. (2013). Ecological character displacement: glass half full or half empty? Trends in Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.02.014

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.