Chronic exposure to e-cig aerosols during early development causes vascular dysfunction and offspring growth deficits
Open accessAbstract
Increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs), including among women of reproductive age, is attributed to its perceived safety compared to conventional tobacco. However, there is a major knowledge gap surrounding the effects of e-cig aerosols on pregnancy and fetal development. We aimed to evaluate the effects of vaping e-cigs during gestation on offspring growth and to asses if growth deficits are accompanied by altered maternal and fetal vascular hemodynamics. Sprague-Dawley dams were assigned to Pair-Fed Control, Pair-Fed Juice, or Juice+Nicotine groups, and then underwent either a prenatal or prenatal+postnatal exposure paradigm in a custom-engineered vaping system. Mass spectrometry identified major aerosolized constituents from e-cig vaping. The Juice+Nicotine group exhibited significantly decreased fetal weight and crown-rump length (↓46.56%, and ↓23.83%, respectively). Pre- and postnatal exposure to Juice+Nicotine resulted in decreased pup weight at postnatal day (PND) 4-10. Crown-rump length was decreased by 24.71% on PND 10. Blood flow in the Juice+Nicotine group was decreased in the maternal uterine and fetal umbilical circuits by 49.50% and 65.33%, respectively. We conclude that chronic exposure to e-cig aerosols containing nicotine during early development can have deleterious health effects on the exposed offspring. Vaping e-cigs containing nicotine during pregnancy lead to a reduction in offspring weight and crown-rump length, associated with a marked decrease in blood flow in both the maternal uterine and fetal umbilical circulation (a strong indicator of growth restriction). Thus, chronic exposure to e-cig aerosols containing nicotine can lead to potentially harmful developmental effects in early life.
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E-cigarette products often contain nicotine, flavorings, and additives, and consumers may be exposed to other potential reproductive toxicants such as formaldehyde.
“e-cigarette products often contain nicotine, flavorings and additives and consumers may be exposed to other potential reproductive toxicants included in e-cigarette products (ie, formaldehyde).9–11”
From Adverse Birth Outcomes Associated With Prepregnancy and Prenatal Electronic Cigarette Use (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Orzabal, M. R., Lunde-Young, E. R., Ramirez, J. I., Howe, S. Y. F., Naik, V. D., Lee, J., Heaps, C. L., Threadgill, D. W., & Ramadoss, J.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ramadoss, Jayanth
- ORCID
- Venue
- Translational Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 207
- Pages
- 70-82
- ISSN
- 1878-1810 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-5244
- PMC
- PMC6486852
- OpenAlex
- W2910820974
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 7.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Translational research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AA19446, AA23520, AA23035)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Keywords
- electronic cigarettes, nicotine, prenatal exposure, fetal growth restriction, vascular dysfunction, uterine blood flow, umbilical blood flow, fetal hemodynamics, developmental toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Vaping, Aerosols, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Blood Vessels, Female, Fetus, Growth Disorders, Hemodynamics, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Mass Spectrometry, Umbilical Arteries, Uterus, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems
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