NVX-CoV2373 vaccine protects cynomolgus macaque upper and lower airways against SARS-CoV-2 challenge
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is an urgent need for a safe and protective vaccine to control the global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and prevent COVID-19. Here, we report the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) produced from the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein stabilized in the prefusion conformation. Cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis ) immunized with NVX-CoV2373 and the saponin-based Matrix-M adjuvant induced anti-S antibody that was neutralizing and blocked binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Following intranasal and intratracheal challenge with SARS-CoV-2, immunized macaques were protected against upper and lower infection and pulmonary disease. These results support ongoing phase 1/2 clinical studies of the safety and immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2327 vaccine ( NCT04368988 ). Highlights Full-length SARS-CoV-2 prefusion spike with Matrix-M1™ (NVX-CoV2373) vaccine. Induced hACE2 receptor blocking and neutralizing antibodies in macaques. Vaccine protected against SARS-CoV-2 replication in the nose and lungs. Absence of pulmonary pathology in NVX-CoV2373 vaccinated macaques.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Preclinical testing of mRNA-1273 and other SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in advanced clinical evaluation has shown a Th1-skewed vaccine response and no pathologic lung infiltrates.
“Of note, preclinical testing of mRNA-1273 and other SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in advanced clinical evaluation has shown a Th1-skewed vaccine response and no pathologic lung infiltrates. 15,26-28”
From Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
The Introduction (page unavailable) reports a Th1-biased response to NVX-CoV2373, and Results > Lung pathology reports little or no lung inflammation in vaccinated macaques. But the Fig. 2 description in that section records infiltrates in the lower-dose groups, so the unqualified claim of no pathologic lung infiltrates overstates the findings. This paper identifies mRNA-1273 as another vaccine studied in macaques but does not report these outcomes for mRNA-1273. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K. S., Goldsmith, J. A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B. S., & McLellan, J. S. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb2507 · Cited by 8,897 · see citing works
Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019
Wölfel, R., Corman, V. M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M. A., Niemeyer, D., Jones, T. C., Vollmar, P., Rothe, C., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x · Cited by 6,661 · see citing works
Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2
Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Li, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, N., Lv, Z., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc1932 · Cited by 1,434 · see citing works
Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine
Keech, C., Albert, G., Cho, I., Robertson, A., Reed, P., Neal, S., Plested, J. S., Zhu, M., Cloney-Clark, S., Zhou, H., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2026920 · Cited by 1,156 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates
Corbett, K. S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K. E., Francica, J. R., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Werner, A. P., Flach, B., O’Connell, S., Bock, K. W., Minai, M., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2024671 · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model
Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M. M., Oude Munnink, B. B., de Meulder, D., van Amerongen, G., van den Brand, J., Okba, N. M. A., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb7314 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques
Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A. J., McMahan, K., Mercado, N. B., Peter, L., Tostanoski, L. H., Yu, J., Maliga, Z., Nekorchuk, M., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc4776 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
A vaccine targeting the RBD of the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces protective immunity
Yang, H. J., Wang, W., Chen, Z., Lu, S., Yang, F., Bi, Z., Bao, L., Mo, F., Li, X., Huang, Y., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2599-8 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Infection with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes pneumonia in Rhesus macaques
Shan, C., Yao, Y., Yang, X., Zhou, Y., Gao, G., Peng, Y., Yang, L., Hu, X., Xiong, J., Jiang, R.-D., et al. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-0364-z · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [1]Jing-Hui Tian, Nita Patel, Robert Haupt, Haixia Zhou, Stuart Weston, Holly Hammond, et al. SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 elicits immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice. bioRxiv 2020; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.178509. PMC7809486 33446655 · DOI
- [8]Neeltje van Doremalen, Teresa Lambe, Alexandra Spencer, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, Jyothi N. Purushotham, Julia R. Port, et al. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques. bioRXiv. 2020; https://doi:10.1101/2020.05.13.093195. PMC8436420 32731258 · DOI · Paper page
- [9]Yu J. Tostanoski L.H. Peter L. Mercado N.B. McMahan K. Mahrokhian S.H. Nkolola J.P. Liu J. Li Z. Chandrashekar A. Martinez D.R. Loos C. Atyeo C. Fischinger S. Burke J.S. Slein M.D. Chen Y. Zuiani A. Lelis F.J.N. Travers M. Habibi S. Pessaint L. Van Ry A. Blade K. Brown R. Cook A. Finneyfrock B. Dodson A. Teow E. Velasco J. Zahn R. Wegmann F. Bondzie E.A. Dagotto G. Gebre M.S. He X. Jacob-Dolan C. Kirilova M. Kordana N. Lin Z. Maxfield L.F. Nampanya F. Nityanandam R. Ventura J.D. Wan H. Cai Y. Chen B. Schmidt A.G. Wesemann D.R. Baric R.S. Alter G. Andersen H. Lewis M.G. Barouch D.H. DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques Science 369 6505 2020 806 811 10.1126/science:abc6284 32434945 PMC7243363 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Diemert, D., Spector, S. A., Rouphael, N., Creech, C. B., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2035389 · Cited by 10,119 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development
Krammer, F. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3 · Cited by 2,098 · see citing works
Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development
Fang, E., Liu, X., Li, M., Zhang, Z., Song, L., Zhu, B., Wu, X., Liu, J., Zhao, D., & Li, Y. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-00950-y · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Rauch, S., Roth, N., Schwendt, K., Fotin-Mleczek, M., Mueller, S. O., & Petsch, B. (2021) · npj Vaccines · doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00311-w · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Preclinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine PTX-COVID19-B
Liu, J., Budylowski, P., Samson, R., Griffin, B. D., Babuadze, G., Rathod, B., Colwill, K., Abioye, J. A., Schwartz, J. A., Law, R., et al. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj9815 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
- Authors
- Guebre-Xabier, M., Patel, N., Tian, J.-H., Zhou, B., Maciejewski, S., Lam, K., Portnoff, A. D., Massare, M. J., Frieman, M. B., Piedra, P. A., Ellingsworth, L., Glenn, G., & Smith, G.
- Affiliations
- Novavax (United States) (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Gale
- ORCID
- Venue
- Vaccine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-11
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 7892-7896
- ISSN
- 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7584426
- OpenAlex
- W3094009122
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 18
- FWCI
- 6.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Vaccine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Keywords
- NVX-CoV2373, COVID-19 vaccines, subunit vaccine, cynomolgus macaques, Matrix-M adjuvant, saponin adjuvant, neutralizing antibodies, lung disease, intranasal challenge, intratracheal challenge, vaccine immunogenicity, vaccine efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Chlorocebus aethiops, Female, Humans, Immune Sera, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Middle Aged, Vaccines, Synthetic, Vero Cells, Viral Load, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
