ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques
Open accessAbstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019 1,2 and is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic 3 . Vaccines are an essential countermeasure urgently needed to control the pandemic 4 . Here, we show that the adenovirus-vectored vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, encoding the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, is immunogenic in mice, eliciting a robust humoral and cell-mediated response. This response was not Th2 dominated, as demonstrated by IgG subclass and cytokine expression profiling. A single vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 induced a humoral and cellular immune response in rhesus macaques. We observed a significantly reduced viral load in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and respiratory tract tissue of vaccinated animals challenged with SARS-CoV-2 compared with control animals, and no pneumonia was observed in vaccinated rhesus macaques. Importantly, no evidence of immune-enhanced disease following viral challenge in vaccinated animals was observed. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is currently under investigation in a phase I clinical trial. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy against symptomatic PCR-positive COVID-19 disease will now be assessed in randomised controlled human clinical trials.
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LION/repRNA-CoV2S elicited modest but detectable T cell responses in macaques, consistent with previous studies of SARS-CoV-2 S-targeted DNA and live viral vector vaccines tested in nonhuman primates.
“Our findings demonstrate that LION/repRNA-CoV2S elicited modest but detectable T cell responses in macaques (Fig. 5), an outcome that is consistent with previous studies of SARS-CoV-2 S-targeted DNA and live viral vector vaccines tested in nonhuman primates (53, 58).”
From An <i>Alphavirus</i> -derived replicon RNA vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody and T cell responses in mice and nonhuman primates (2020) · cites this paper as [58]
Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses have been associated with vaccine-induced protection against challenge or subsequent rechallenge after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a rhesus macaque model.
“Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses have been associated with vaccine-induced protection against challenge18 or subsequent rechallenge after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a rhesus macaque model.19”
From An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- van Doremalen, N., Lambe, T., Spencer, A., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Purushotham, J. N., Port, J. R., Avanzato, V., Bushmaker, T., Flaxman, A., Ulaszewska, M., Feldmann, F., Allen, E. R., Sharpe, H., Schulz, J., Holbrook, M., Okumura, A., Meade-White, K., Pérez-Pérez, L., Bissett, C., Gilbride, C., Williamson, B. N., Rosenke, R., Long, D., Ishwarbhai, A., Kailath, R., Rose, L., Morris, S., Powers, C., Lovaglio, J., Hanley, P. W., Scott, D., Saturday, G., de Wit, E., Gilbert, S. C., & Munster, V. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gilbert, Sarah C.
- Munster, Vincent J.
- ORCID
- Lambe, Teresa
- Spencer, Alexandra
- Purushotham, Jyothi N.
- Port, Julia R.
- Avanzato, Victoria
- Bushmaker, Trenton
- Flaxman, Amy
- Ulaszewska, Marta
- Feldmann, Friederike
- Allen, Elizabeth R.
- Sharpe, Hannah
- Schulz, Jonathan
- Holbrook, Myndi
- Okumura, Atsushi
- Meade-White, Kimberly
- Pérez-Pérez, Lizzette
- Bissett, Cameron
- Williamson, Brandi N.
- Rosenke, Rebecca
- Kailath, Reshma
- Morris, Susan
- Powers, Claire
- Lovaglio, Jamie
- Hanley, Patrick W.
- Scott, Dana
- Saturday, Greg
- Gilbert, Sarah C.
- Munster, Vincent J.
- Venue
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2020-05-13
- PMC
- PMC7241103
- OpenAlex
- W3025110834
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 88 · 2020: 133
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (vor)
- Locations
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Department of Health and Social Care
- National Institutes of Health (1ziaai001179-01)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/R013756/1)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1ZIAAI001179, 1ZIAAI001179-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccine, rhesus monkeys, immunogenicity, humoral immune response, cell-mediated immunity, IgG subclasses, cytokine profiling, viral load, pneumonia prevention, spike protein
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