Adeno-associated virus interactions with B23/Nucleophosmin: Identification of sub-nucleolar virion regions
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Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a human parvovirus that normally requires a helper virus such as adenovirus (Ad) for replication. The four replication proteins (Rep78, 68, 52 and 40) encoded by AAV are pleiotropic effectors of virus integration, replication, transcription and virion assembly. Using Rep68 column chromatography and mass spectrometry, we have identified the nucleolar, B23/Nucleophosmin (NPM) protein as an Rep-interacting partner. Rep-NPM interactions were verified by co-immunofluorescence and chemical cross-linking studies. We have found that there is demonstrable, but limited co-localization between Rep and NPM in co-infected cells. In contrast, there was significant co-localization between NPM and AAV Cap proteins. In vitro experiments using purified MBPRep78 and NPM show that NPM stimulates MBPRep78 interactions with the AAV ITR as well as endonuclease activity. These studies suggest that NPM plays a role in AAV amplification affecting Rep function and virion assembly.
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Nucleolin and nucleophosmin associate with both VPs and assembled capsids in the nucleoli.
“Additionally, two nuclear proteins, nucleolin and nucleophosmin [43,44], have been shown to associate with both VPs and assembled capsids in the nucleoli.”
From Understanding Capsid Assembly and Genome Packaging for Adeno-Associated Viruses (2017) · cites this paper as [43]
The ‘NPM co-localization with Cap and Rep proteins’ section reports that nucleophosmin (NPM) co-localizes with AAV Cap proteins in nucleoli. The Discussion proposes a model in which Cap proteins assemble there and associate with NPM, but the paper does not establish an association with assembled capsids; it also does not address nucleolin. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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“For example, knocking down two nucleolar proteins (nucleophosmin and nucleolin) enhanced transduction, demonstrating that they are critical factors for trafficking into and out of the nucleolus, respectively [168,169].”
BackgroundHuman respiratory syncytial virus N, P and M protein interactions in HEK-293T cells
Oliveira, A. P., Simabuco, F. M., Tamura, R. E., Guerrero, M. C., Ribeiro, P. G. G., Libermann, T. A., Zerbini, L. F., & Ventura, A. M. (2013) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2013.07.010 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Expression Analysis of the Theileria parva Subtelomere-Encoded Variable Secreted Protein Gene Family
Schmuckli-Maurer, J., Casanova, C., Schmied, S., Affentranger, S., Parvanova, I., Kang'a, S., Nene, V., Katzer, F., Mckeever, D., Müller, J., et al. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004839 · Cited by 42
“and a portion of the adeno-associated virus protein Rep”
BackgroundLi, Z.-G., Zhang, Y.-L., Jiang, Z.-H., Jin, X.-J., Zhang, K., Wang, X., Han, C.-G., Yu, J.-L., & Li, D. (2018) · Molecular plant pathology · doi:10.1111/mpp.12612 · Cited by 41
“Adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) utilizes B23 to mediate the formation of the Cap and Rep complexes (Bevington et al., 2007).”
Collaco, R., Bevington, J., Bhrigu, V., Kalman-Maltese, V., & Trempe, J. (2009) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2009.06.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationAydemir, F., Salganik, M., Resztak, J., Singh, J., Bennett, A., Agbandje-McKenna, M., & Muzyczka, N. (2016) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00493-16 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Proteomics Analysis of Co-Purifying Cellular Proteins Associated with rAAV Vectors
Dong, B., Duan, X., Chow, H.-Y., Chen, L., Lu, H.-C., Wu, W.-M., Hauck, B., Wright, F., Kapranov, P., & Xiao, W. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086453 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors and Stem Cells: Friends or Foes?
Brown, N. J., Song, L., Rao, K. N., & Hirsch, M. L. (2017) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2017.038 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“In the case of second-strand synthesis, the AAV genome ITR hairpin serves as a primer for the host-cell DNA polymerase(s) to replicate the vector genome.(121) The rate of vector entry into both the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm has been correlated to the rate and efficiency of vector transduction, suggesting that AAV…”
BackgroundSutter, S. O., Lkharrazi, A., Schraner, E. M., Michaelsen, K., Meier, A. F., Marx, J., Vogt, B., Büning, H., & Fraefel, C. (2022) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010187 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Nouri, K., Moll, J. M., Milroy, L., Hain, A., Dvorský, R., Amin, E., Lenders, M. H. H., Nagel-Steger, L., Howe, S., Smits, S., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143634 · Cited by 29
Scarrott, J. M., Johari, Y. B., Pohle, T. H., Liu, P., Mayer, A., & James, D. C. (2022) · Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1002/biot.202200450 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Nicolas, A., Alazard-Dany, N., Biollay, C., Arata, L., Jolinon, N., Kuhn, L., Ferro, M., Weller, S., Epstein, A., Salvetti, A., et al. (2010) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00725-10 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The function of DNA binding protein nucleophosmin in AAV replication
Satkunanathan, S., Thorpe, R., & Zhao, Y. (2017) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Satkunanathan, S., Wheeler, J. X., Thorpe, R., & Zhao, Y. (2014) · Human Gene Therapy · doi:10.1089/hum.2014.041 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“…proteins with many functions, which bind to AAV2 capsids and shuttle the AAV proteins between the cytoplasm and nucleus (Qiu and Brown, 1999; Bevington et al., 2007; Johnson and Samulski, 2009), demonstrating an important role of cellular proteins in AAV capsid assembly or vector genome…”
Mai, W.-J., Liu, H., Chen, H.-Q., Zhou, Y.-J., & Chen, Y. (2018) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2018.06.011 · Cited by 22
“Most interestingly, NPM1 has been shown to shuttle molecules between the nucleolus and the cytoplasm, acting as a carrier protein for cell cycle-related protein p120, nucleolin, tumor suppressor ARF, p53, as well as several viral proteins such as the core protein of Hepatitis C virus, replication proteins of Adeno-ass…”
Passos-Castilho, A. M., Marchand, C., & Archambault, D. (2018) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.021 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cytologically "compact" nuclear domains
Pederson, T. (2010) · The Nucleus · doi:10.4161/nucl.1.5.13056 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Leibiger, T., Min, L., & Lee, K. H. (2024) · Molecular Therapy: Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101383 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“12,19,31”
Fluorescence Microscopy in Adeno-Associated Virus Research
Golm, S. K., Hübner, W., & Müller, K. M. (2023) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v15051174 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Polyclonal rabbit sera were used to establish the colocalization of AAV Rep and Cap proteins and B23/Nucleophosmin (NPM) [95].”
MethodMai, W.-J., Huang, F., Chen, H.-Q., Zhou, Y.-J., & Chen, Y. (2017) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.12.015 · Cited by 11
Viral and Cellular Components of AAV2 Replication Compartments
Vogel, R., Seyffert, M., Pereira, B. D. A., & Fraefel, C. (2013) · Open Virology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874357901307010098 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Nucleophosmin NPM1 (Nucleolar phosphoprotein B23) P06748 [64],[70]”
InfluentialWeger, S., Hammer, E., Götz, A., & Heilbronn, R. (2007) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2006.12.010 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“More recently, the nucleolar B23/ Nucleophosmin (NPM) protein, which, based its localization, may affect AAV virion assembly, has also been identified as a Rep interaction partner (Bevington et al., 2007).”
BackgroundArcangeletti, M., Rodighiero, I., de Conto, F., Gatti, R., Orlandini, G., Ferraglia, F., Motta, F., Covan, S., Razin, S., Dettori, G., et al. (2009) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.22268 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Another scenario is the redistribution of nucleolar proteins within the nucleoplasm or cytoplasm, caused by viral infection [Matthews, 2000; Bevington et al., 2007; Callé et al., 2008].”
BackgroundRelationship between adenovirus DNA replication proteins and nucleolar proteins B23.1 and B23.2
Hindley, C., Davidson, A. D., & Matthews, D. A. (2007) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.83196-0 · Cited by 8
Effect of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 on integration of the adeno‐associated viral vector genome
Romanova, L., Zacharias, J., Cannon, M., & Philpott, N. (2011) · Journal of Gene Medicine · doi:10.1002/jgm.1577 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“been identified including high‐mobility‐group protein 1 [55]; isoforms ε and γ of the 14‐3‐3 protein family [56]; acidic leucine‐rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32B, a member of the template‐activating factor I/Set oncoprotein complex [57]; nucleolin C23 and nucleophosmin B23 [58].”
BackgroundIntracellular localization of adeno‐associated viral proteins expressed in insect cells
Gallo-Ramírez, L. E., Ramírez, O. T., & Palomares, L. A. (2011) · Biotechnology progress (Print) · doi:10.1002/btpr.565 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Structural basis for Rep-mediated adeno-associated virus packaging.
Xu, V., McInnes, A., Wake, M., Acebrón-García-de-Eulate, M., Barritt, J. D., Bubeck, D., & Rouse, S. L. (2026) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117044 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Scalable manufacturing methodologies for improving adeno-associated virus-based pharmaprojects
Xu, Z., Shi, C., & Qian, Q. (2014) · Chinese Science Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0197-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Intracellular fate of AAV particles in human Dendritic Cell and impact on Gene Transfer
Rossi, A. (2016) · doi:10.70675/4518d4eazdbd8z4f46z96e2zf87942913c70 · Cited by 1
“interact with some nucleolar components [82], [121], are retained in nucleoli in a dormant”
BackgroundHIV-1 and the Nucleolus: A Role for Nucleophosmin/NPM1 in Viral Replication: A Dissertation
Schmidt, T. E. (2013) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.13028/m2mk6v
Orlova, O. V., Glazkova, D., Sidorova, O. N., Shipulin, G., & Bogoslovskaya, E. (2026) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893326700160
“Differences in the C-terminal regions influence the interaction of Rep proteins with cellular factors and may play a role in wild-type virus replication [21, 22].”
Earley, L. F., Kawano, Y., Adachi, K., Sun, X.-X., Dai, M.-S., & Nakai, H. (2014) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.03125-14
AAV vectors for the nucleolus.
Russell, D. (2012) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2012.193
- Authors
- Bevington, J. M., Needham, P. G., Verrill, K. C., Collaco, R. F., Basrur, V., & Trempe, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Toledo (US)
- Corresponding author
- Trempe, James P.
- ORCID
- Needham, Patrick G.
- Venue
- Virology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 357
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 102-113
- ISSN
- 0042-6822 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1829415
- OpenAlex
- W2070890881
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Virology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM64765, R01GM064765)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI051471, AI 51471)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- adeno-associated virus, Rep78, Rep68, inverted terminal repeats, endonuclease activity, viral assembly, viral replication, colocalization
- MeSH terms
- Nucleophosmin, Dependovirus, Cell Nucleolus, DNA-Binding Proteins, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, HeLa Cells, Humans, Nuclear Proteins, Protein Binding, Viral Proteins, Virion, Virus Assembly, Immunoprecipitation
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