Cited by 246Extraction and Separation ProcessesRecycling and Waste Management TechniquesMineral Processing and Grinding

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Chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries: An approach by multi-analytical techniques

Zhang, Tao, He, Yaqun, Wang, Fangfang, Ge, Linhan, Zhu, Xiangnan, Li, Hong·2014·Waste Management

DOI 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.01.002

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Abstract

Mineral processing operation is a critical step in any recycling process to realize liberation, separation and concentration of the target parts. Developing effective recycling methods to recover all the valuable parts from spent lithium-ion batteries is in great necessity. The aim of this study is to carefully undertake chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries by coupling several analytical techniques to provide basic information for the researches on effective mechanical crushing and separation methods in recycling process. The results show that the grade of Co, Cu and Al is fairly high in spent lithium ion batteries and up to 17.62 wt.%, 7.17 wt.% and 21.60 wt.%. Spent lithium-ion batteries have good selective crushing property, the crushed products could be divided into three parts, they are Al-enriched fraction (+2 mm), Cu and Al-enriched fraction (-2+0.25 mm) and Co and graphite-enriched fraction (-0.25 mm). The mineral phase and chemical state analysis reveal the electrode materials recovered from -0.25 mm size fraction keep the original crystal forms and chemical states in lithium-ion batteries, but the surface of the powders has been coated by a certain kind of hydrocarbon. Based on these results a flowsheet to recycle spent LiBs is proposed.

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Authors: Zhang, T., He, Y., Wang, F., Ge, L., Zhu, X., & Li, H.
Affiliations: China University of Mining and Technology (CN)
Corresponding author: He, Yaqun
ORCID: Zhang, Tao
He, Yaqun
Wang, Fangfang
Ge, Linhan
Zhu, Xiangnan
Venue: Waste Management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-06
Volume: 34
Issue: 6
Pages: 1051-1058
ISSN: 0956-053X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.01.002
OpenAlex: W1971707472
Cited by: 246
References: 21
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 10.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Waste Management (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Science Foundation
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Metals and Alloys › Extraction and Separation Processes
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Mineral Processing and Grinding
Keywords: spent lithium-ion batteries, battery recycling, process mineralogy, chemical characterization, mechanical separation, cobalt recovery, copper recovery, aluminum recovery, graphite, electrode materials
MeSH terms: Lithium, Electric Power Supplies, Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission, Recycling

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Chemical and process mineralogical characterizations of spent lithium-ion batteries: An approach by multi-analytical techniques

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