Influence of sodium hydroxide addition on characteristics and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars derived from swine manure
Abstract
In order to improve characteristics of biochar, especially enhance immobilization of heavy metals in biochar, swine manure was pyrolyzed at low pyrolysis temperature (300 °C, 400 °C and 500 °C) with different amounts of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) added (0.5% and 2%, W/W). Results showed that NaOH addition during pyrolysis increased the pH, EC, ash content, yield rate, aromaticity and hydrophily, but did not increase surface area and porosity of resultant biochars. The addition of NaOH promoted the transformation of the mobile fraction of Cu, Zn and Cd into the oxidizable fraction. With respect to Cr and Pb, the oxidizable and residual fractions were increased slightly by the presence of NaOH. Meanwhile, adding NaOH could reduce the leachability and ecological risks of heavy metals in biochars. Our study suggested that NaOH-assisted pyrolysis of swine manure was an effective disposal approach for the immobilization of heavy metals.
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Metals do not volatilize, whereas organic matter is degraded and removed during pyrolysis and activation.
“Furthermore, the higher the activation temperature, the higher the concentration of metals in the activated biochar, because metals do not volatilize, whereas organic matter is degraded and removed during pyrolysis and activation [75].”
From Innovative Valorization of Wood Panel Waste into Activated Biochar for Efficient Phenol Adsorption (2025) · cites this paper as [75]
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Norberto, J., Benis, K. Z., Soltan, J., & McPhedran, K. N. (2023) · Lecture notes in civil engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-34593-7_65 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Biochar: A Revolutionizing Approach for Turning Waste into Value Through Pyrolysis
George, J. T., & Gujeran, N. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78420-0_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Biochar a Futuristic Approach for Heavy Metal Remediation from Wastewater
Mayegowda, S. B., Kulkarni, A. P., Brijesh, H., & Manjula, N. G. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-92594-8_13
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Self-citationCheng, Z., Zhang, Q., Zhang, W., Zhang, Y., Li, H., Wang, M., Wang, J., Ge, X., & Wu, Y. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.6c09883
Mohandessi, M., Yan, Q., Cai, Z., & Wan, C. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.6c00224
- Authors
- Xu, Y., Bai, T., Yan, Y., & Ma, K.
- Affiliations
- Huaiyin Normal University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Yonggang
- Venue
- Waste Management
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 105
- Pages
- 511-519
- ISSN
- 0956-053X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3009354363
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 2.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Waste Management (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Huai'an Science and Technology Bureau
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Keywords
- biochar, pig manure, sodium hydroxide, pyrolysis, heavy metal immobilization, heavy metal leachability, ecological risk, copper, zinc, cadmium, chromium, lead, oxidizable fraction, low-temperature pyrolysis, manure disposal
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Charcoal, Manure, Sodium Hydroxide, Swine, Metals, Heavy
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