The DOI matches its Crossref record; 194 of the 194 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Persistent free radicals in carbon-based materials on transformation of refractory organic contaminants (ROCs) in water: A critical review
Abstract
With the increased concentrations and kinds of refractory organic contaminants (ROCs) in aquatic environments, many previous reviews systematically summarized the applications of carbon-based materials in the adsorption and catalytic degradation of ROCs for their economically viable and environmentally friendly behavior. Interestingly, recent studies indicated that carbon-based materials in natural environment can also mediate the transformation of ROCs directly or indirectly due to their abundant persistent free radicals (PFRs). Understanding the formation mechanisms of PFRs in carbo-based materials and their interactions with ROCs is essential to develop their further applications in environment remediation. However, there is no comprehensive review so far about the direct and indirect removal of ROCs mediated by PFRs in amorphous, porous and crystalline carbon-based materials. The review aims to evaluate the formation mechanisms of PFRs in carbon-based materials synthesized through pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization processes. The influence of synthesis conditions (temperature and time) and carbon sources on the types as well as the concentrations of PFRs in carbon-based materials are also discussed. In particular, the effects of metals on the concentrations and types of PFRs in carbon-based materials are highlighted because they are considered as the catalysts for the formation of PFRs. The formation mechanisms of reactive species and the further transformation mechanisms of ROCs are briefly summarized, and the surface properties of carbon-based materials including surface area, types and number of functional groups, etc. are found to be the key parameters controlling their activities. However, due to diversity and complexity of carbon-based materials, the exact relationships between the activities of carbon-based materials and PFRs are still uncertain. Finally, the existing problems and current challenges for the ROCs transformation with carbon-based materials are also pointed out.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In comparison, the formation of EPFRs usually originates from a series of reactions including initial physisorption, elimination of water or hydrogen chloride, and subsequent electron transfer from substituted aromatic units to adsorbed transitions metals.”
From Sustainable remediation with an electroactive biochar system: mechanisms and perspectives (2020) · cites this paper as [37]
Citations
Cites
Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution
Pope III, C. A. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.287.9.1132 · Cited by 8,447
Pyrolysis of Wood/Biomass for Bio-oil: A Critical Review
Mohan, D., Pittman, C. U., & Steele, P. H. (2006) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef0502397 · Cited by 5,663
Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review
Ahmad, M., Rajapaksha, A. U., Lim, J. E., Zhang, M., Bolan, N., Mohan, D., Vithanage, M., Lee, S. S., & Ok, Y. S. (2014) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.071 · Cited by 4,662
Self-citationDynamic Molecular Structure of Plant Biomass-Derived Black Carbon (Biochar)
Keiluweit, M., Nico, P. S., Johnson, M. G., & Kleber, M. (2010) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es9031419 · Cited by 3,230
Oh, W., Dong, Z., & Lim, T. (2016) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.04.003 · Cited by 2,609
Mohan, D., Sarswat, A., Ok, Y. S., & Pittman, C. U. (2014) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.120 · Cited by 2,313
Self-citationPeterson, A. A., Vogel, F., Lachance, R. P., Fröling, M., Antal, Jr., & Tester, J. W. (2008) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/b810100k · Cited by 2,132
The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose
Sevilla, M., & Fuertes, A. B. (2009) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.026 · Cited by 2,021
Collard, F., & Blin, J. (2014) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.06.013 · Cited by 2,002
Funke, A., & Ziegler, F. (2010) · Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining · doi:10.1002/bbb.198 · Cited by 2,001
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Strategies for enhancing the heterogeneous Fenton catalytic reactivity: A review
Zhu, Y., Zhu, R., Xi, Y., Zhu, J., Zhu, G., & He, H. (2019) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.05.041 · Cited by 1,139
Edge-nitrogenated biochar for efficient peroxydisulfate activation: An electron transfer mechanism
Wang, H., Guo, W., Liu, B., Wu, Q., Luo, H., Zhao, Q., Si, Q., Sseguya, F., & Ren, N. (2019) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.059 · Cited by 914
Biomedicine Meets Fenton Chemistry
Tang, Z., Zhao, P., Wang, H., Liu, Y., & Bu, W. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00977 · Cited by 753
Yang, Q. X., Ma, Y., Chen, F., Yao, F., Sun, J. P., Wang, S., Yi, K., Hou, L., Li, X., & Wang, D. (2019) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2019.122149 · Cited by 664
Chen, C., Ma, T., Shang, Y., Gao, B., Jin, B., Dan, H., Li, Q., Yue, Q., Li, Y., Wang, Y., et al. (2019) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.03.048 · Cited by 566
Metadata
- Authors
- Qin, Y., Li, G., Gao, Y., Zhang, L., Ok, Y. S., & An, T.
- Affiliations
- Guangdong University of Technology (CN)
- Central China Normal University (CN)
- Korea University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- An, Taicheng
- Venue
- Water Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-06
- Volume
- 137
- Pages
- 130-143
- ISSN
- 0043-1354 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2790153550
- Cited by
- 339
- References
- 194
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 2.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (41425015, 41573086, 41373102)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Advanced oxidation water treatment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- persistent free radicals, carbon materials, refractory organic pollutants, water treatment, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, metal catalysis, reactive species, surface functional groups, environmental remediation
- MeSH terms
- Carbon, Free Radicals, Water Pollutants, Water Purification, Environmental Restoration and Remediation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
