Pregnant women voice their concerns and birth expectations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: In March 2020, COVID-19 was declared to be a pandemic. While data suggests that COVID-19 is not associated with significant adverse health outcomes for pregnant women and newborns, the psychological impact on pregnant women is likely to be high. AIM: The aim was to explore the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian pregnant women, especially regarding concerns and birth expectations. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey of pregnant women in Italy was conducted. Responses were analysed for all women and segregated into two groups depending on previous experience of pregnancy loss. Analysis of open text responses examined expectations and concerns before and after the onset of the pandemic. FINDINGS: Two hundred pregnant women responded to the first wave of the survey. Most (n=157, 78.5%) had other children and 100 (50.0%) had a previous history of perinatal loss. 'Joy' was the most prevalent emotion expressed before COVID-19 (126, 63.0% before vs 34, 17.0% after; p<0.05); fear was the most prevalent after (15, 7.5% before vs 98, 49.0% after; p<0.05). Positive constructs were prevalent before COVID-19, while negative ones were dominant after (p<0.05). Across the country, women were concerned about COVID-19 and a history of psychological disorders was significantly associated with higher concerns (p<0.05). A previous pregnancy loss did not influence women's concerns. CONCLUSIONS: Women's expectations and concerns regarding childbirth changed significantly as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Women with a history of psychological disorders need particular attention as they seem to experience higher levels of concern.
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During the COVID-19 pandemic, women had worse mental health consequences and a greater psychological impact than men.
“Recent studies underlined that women had worse mental health consequences and a greater psychological impact due to COVID-19 [17,18,19].”
From Beneficial effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on the well-being of a female sample during the first total lockdown due to covid-19 pandemic in italy (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
The Discussion reports that the pandemic changed pregnant women’s emotions and concerns about childbirth in Italy, supporting a psychological impact in that group. The paper does not compare women with men or establish that women generally had worse mental-health consequences than men. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Ravaldi, C., Wilson, A., Ricca, V., Homer, C., & Vannacci, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Florence (IT)
- Burnet Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Vannacci, Alfredo
- Venue
- Women and Birth
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-07
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 335-343
- ISSN
- 1871-5192 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7357495
- OpenAlex
- W3041084622
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 12
- FWCI
- 34.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Women and Birth (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women, psychological impact, childbirth expectations, perinatal loss, maternal emotions, fear, Italy
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Anxiety, Mental Disorders, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Fear, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Mental Health, Motivation, Pregnancy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Stress, Psychological, Internet, Parturition, Pregnant People, Pregnant Women, Pandemics
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