Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 803

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 107 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Social Accountability: What Does the Evidence Really Say?

Open access
Fox, Jonathan A.·2015·World Development
DOI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.011
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Empirical evidence of tangible impacts of social accountability initiatives is mixed. This meta-analysis reinterprets evaluations through a new lens: the distinction between tactical and strategic approaches to the promotion of citizen voice to contribute to improved public sector performance. Field experiments study bounded, tactical interventions based on optimistic assumptions about the power of information alone, both to motivate collective action and to influence the state. Enabling environments for collective action combined with bolstered state capacity to respond to citizen voice are more promising. Sandwich strategies can help ‘voice’ and ‘teeth’ to become mutually empowering, through state–society synergy.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.011

Cites

107 of 107 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 107 references

Cited by

See all 803

Metadata

Authors
Fox, J. A.
Venue
World Development
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2015-08
Volume
72
Pages
346-361
ISSN
0305-750X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.011
OpenAlex
W1964015953
Cited by
803
References
107
FWCI
139.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Social Accountability: What Does the Evidence Really Say? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.011
The paper
Fox, J. A. (2015). Social Accountability: What Does the Evidence Really Say? World Development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.03.011

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.