Efficient molecular encoding in multifunctional self-immolative urethanes
Open accessAbstract
Molecular encoding in sequence-defined polymers shows promise as a new paradigm for data storage. Here, we report what is, to our knowledge, the first use of self-immolative oligourethanes for storing and reading encoded information. As a proof of principle, we describe how a text passage from Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park was encoded in sequence-defined oligourethanes and reconstructed via self-immolative sequencing. We develop Mol.E-coder, a software tool that uses a Huffman encoding scheme to convert the character table to hexadecimal. The oligourethanes are then generated by a high-throughput parallel synthesis. Sequencing of the oligourethanes by self-immolation is done concurrently in a parallel fashion, and the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) information decoded by our Mol.E-decoder software. The passage is capable of being reproduced wholly intact by a third-party, without any purifications or the use of tandem MS (MS/MS), despite multiple rounds of compression, encoding, and synthesis.
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In both peptide and urethane data storage cases, reading required the use of mass spectroscopy, with consequent limitations in costs and speed.
“Unfortunately in both these cases, reading required the use of mass spectroscopy, with the consequent limitation in terms of costs and speed.”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [134]
Apart from DNA, other organic molecules have been proposed for data storage, including peptide sequences and urethanes.
“Apart from DNA, other organic molecules have been recently proposed.133,134 Two interesting examples are the use of peptide sequences for data storage, as reported by Ng et al.133 and the use of urethanes as reported by Dahlhauser et al.134”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [134]
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- Authors
- Dahlhauser, S. D., Moor, S. R., Vera, M. S., York, J. T., Ngo, P., Boley, A. J., Coronado, J. N., Simpson, Z. B., & Anslyn, E. V.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anslyn, Eric V.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cell Reports Physical Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-04
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 100393
- ISSN
- 2666-3864 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8573738
- OpenAlex
- W3154304116
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2021-07-21)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cell Reports Physical Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1 S10 OD021508-01)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (GT10481)
- Army Research Office (W911NF-17-1-0522)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Biological Computing
- Keywords
- molecular encoding, sequence-defined polymers, data storage, Huffman coding, parallel synthesis, text encoding
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