Multifunctional sequence-defined macromolecules for chemical data storage.
Open accessAbstract
Sequence-defined macromolecules consist of a defined chain length (single mass), end-groups, composition and topology and prove promising in application fields such as anti-counterfeiting, biological mimicking and data storage. Here we show the potential use of multifunctional sequence-defined macromolecules as a storage medium. As a proof-of-principle, we describe how short text fragments (human-readable data) and QR codes (machine-readable data) are encoded as a collection of oligomers and how the original data can be reconstructed. The amide-urethane containing oligomers are generated using an automated protecting-group free, two-step iterative protocol based on thiolactone chemistry. Tandem mass spectrometry techniques have been explored to provide detailed analysis of the oligomer sequences. We have developed the generic software tools Chemcoder for encoding/decoding binary data as a collection of multifunctional macromolecules and Chemreader for reconstructing oligomer sequences from mass spectra to automate the process of chemical writing and reading.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Molecular data storage can distribute encoded information in a three-dimensional space, allowing it to be an ultra-high-density storage technology outpacing traditional planar media which are only two-dimensional.
“This extra dimension allows the molecular data storage to be an ultra-high-density storage technology outpacing the traditional planner media which are only two-dimensional (2D)”
From Large-Scale de Novo Oligonucleotide Synthesis for Whole-Genome Synthesis and Data Storage: Challenges and Opportunities (2021) · cites this paper as Martens et al., 2018
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Next-generation DNA sequencing
Shendure, J., & Ji, H. (2008) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1486 · Cited by 4,509 · see citing works
Next-Generation Digital Information Storage in DNA
Church, G. M., Gao, Y., & Kosuri, S. (2012) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1226355 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works
Lutz, J., Ouchi, M., Liu, D. R., & Sawamoto, M. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1238149 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
Zuckermann, R. N., Kerr, J. M., Kent, S. B. H., & Moos, W. H. (1992) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja00052a076 · Cited by 1,279 · see citing works
Towards Practical, High-Capacity, Low-Maintenance Information Storage in Synthesized DNA
Goldman, N., Bertone, P., Chen, S., Dessimoz, C., LeProust, E. M., Sipos, B., & Birney, E. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11875 · Cited by 1,220 · see citing works
From precision polymers to complex materials and systems
Lutz, J., Lehn, J., Meijer, E. W., & Matyjaszewski, K. A. (2016) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/natrevmats.2016.24 · Cited by 970 · see citing works
Hiding messages in DNA microdots
Clelland, C. T., Risca, V. I., & Bancroft, C. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/21092 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Sustainability Challenges of Phosphorus and Food: Solutions from Closing the Human Phosphorus Cycle
Childers, D. L., Corman, J. R., Edwards, M., & Elser, J. J. (2011) · BioScience · doi:10.1525/bio.2011.61.2.6 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Programmable chemical controllers made from DNA
Chen, Y.-J., Dalchau, N., Srinivas, N., Phillips, A., Cardelli, L., Soloveichik, D., & Seelig, G. (2013) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/nnano.2013.189 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Rapid and quantitative one-pot synthesis of sequence-controlled polymers by radical polymerization
Gody, G., Maschmeyer, T., Zetterlund, P. B., & Perrier, S. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3505 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Iterative exponential growth of stereo- and sequence-controlled polymers
Barnes, J. C., Ehrlich, D. C., Gao, A. X., Leibfarth, F. A., Jiang, Y., Zhou, E., Jamison, T. F., & Johnson, J. A. (2015) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.2346 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
A DNA-Based Archival Storage System
Bornholt, J., Lopez, R. M., Carmean, D. M., Ceze, L., Seelig, G., & Strauß, K. (2016) · International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) · doi:10.1145/2872362.2872397 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Design and synthesis of digitally encoded polymers that can be decoded and erased
Roy, R. K., Meszyńska, A., Laure, C., Charles, L., Verchin, C., & Lutz, J. (2015) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms8237 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Zhirnov, V., Zadegan, R. M., Sandhu, G. S., Church, G. M., & Hughes, W. L. (2016) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4594 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Cryptography with DNA binary strands
Leier, A., Richter, C., Banzhaf, W., & Rauhe, H. (2000) · Biosystems · doi:10.1016/s0303-2647(00)00083-6 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Synthesis of Non-Natural Sequence-Encoded Polymers Using Phosphoramidite Chemistry
Ouahabi, A. A., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.5b02639 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Information-containing macromolecules
Colquhoun, H. M., & Lutz, J. (2014) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.1958 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Sequence-Defined Polymers via Orthogonal Allyl Acrylamide Building Blocks
Porel, M., & Alabi, C. A. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja507262t · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Multifunctionalized Sequence‐Defined Oligomers from a Single Building Block
Espeel, P., Carrette, L. L. G., Bury, K., Capenberghs, S., Martins, J. C., Prez, F. D., & Madder, A. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201307439 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationCoding Macromolecules: Inputting Information in Polymers Using Monomer-Based Alphabets
Lutz, J. (2015) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00890 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Recent Progress in the Design of Monodisperse, Sequence-Defined Macromolecules
Solleder, S. C., Schneider, R. V., Wetzel, K. S., Boukis, A. C., & Meier, M. A. R. (2017) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201600711 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Multicomponent reactions provide key molecules for secret communication
Boukis, A. C., Reiter, K., Frölich, M., Hofheinz, D., & Meier, M. A. R. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03784-x · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Block Copolymers Containing Sequence-Ordered Segments
Pfeifer, S., Zarafshani, Z., Badi, N., & Lutz, J. (2009) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja903635y · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Data hiding methods based upon DNA sequences
Shiu, H.-J., Ng, K., Fang, J.-F., Lee, R. C. T., & Huang, C. (2010) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2010.01.030 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Martens, S., den Begin, J. V., Madder, A., Prez, F. D., & Espeel, P. (2016) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6b07120 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationRegulation of DNA Pairing in Homologous RecombinationPreprint
Daley, J. M., Gaines, W. A., Kwon, Y., & Sung, P. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a017954 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
A Scalable and High‐Yield Strategy for the Synthesis of Sequence‐Defined Macromolecules
Solleder, S. C., Zengel, D., Wetzel, K. S., & Meier, M. A. R. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201509398 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Tailor-made N-heterocyclic carbenes for nanoparticle stabilization
Richter, C. P., Schaepe, K., Glorius, F., & Ravoo, B. J. (2014) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c4cc00654b · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Sequence-defined bioactive macrocycles via an acid-catalysed cascade reaction
Porel, M., Thornlow, D. N., Phan, N. N. K., & Alabi, C. A. (2016) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/nchem.2508 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Chemoselective Synthesis of Uniform Sequence-Coded Polyurethanes and Their Use as Molecular Tags
Günay, U. S., Petit, B. É., Karamessini, D., Ouahabi, A. A., Amalian, J., Chendo, C., Bouquey, M., Gigmès, D., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2016) · Chem · doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2016.06.006 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Efficient Assembly of Threaded Molecular Machines for Sequence-Specific Synthesis
Bo, G. D., Kuschel, S., Leigh, D. A., Lewandowski, B., Papmeyer, M., & Ward, J. W. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja5022415 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Ouahabi, A. A., Amalian, J., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01104-3 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Zydziak, N., Konrad, W., Feist, F. A., Afonin, S., Weidner, S. M., & Barner‐Kowollik, C. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13672 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Cavallo, G., Ouahabi, A. A., Oswald, L., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2016) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.6b06222 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Data storage in sequence-defined macromolecules via multicomponent reactions
Boukis, A. C., & Meier, M. A. R. (2018) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.04.038 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Vandenbergh, J., Reekmans, G., Adriaensens, P., & Junkers, T. (2015) · Chemical Science · doi:10.1039/c5sc02035b · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Click and Click‐Inspired Chemistry for the Design of Sequence‐Controlled Polymers
Martens, S., Holloway, J. O., & Prez, F. D. (2017) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201700469 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationGrate, J. W., Mo, K., & Daily, M. D. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201509864 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Solleder, S. C., Wetzel, K. S., & Meier, M. A. R. (2015) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c5py00424a · Cited by 97 · see citing works
DNA Degradation and Its DefectsPreprint
Kawane, K., Motani, K., & Nagata, S. (2014) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a016394 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Laure, C., Karamessini, D., Milenković, O., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2016) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201605279 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Photo-induced sequence defined macromolecules via hetero bifunctional synthons
Zydziak, N., Feist, F. A., Huber, B., Mueller, J. O., & Barner‐Kowollik, C. (2014) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c4cc08756a · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Ida, S., Ouchi, M., & Sawamoto, M. (2010) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201000503 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Camp, W. V., Prez, F. D., & Bon, S. A. F. (2004) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma0491208 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Amalian, J., Trinh, T. T., Lutz, J., & Charles, L. (2016) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04537 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Cavallo, G., Poyer, S., Amalian, J., Dufour, F., Burel, A., Carapito, C., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2018) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201803027 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Current algorithmic solutions for peptide-based proteomics data generation and identification
Hoopmann, M. R., & Moritz, R. L. (2012) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2012.10.013 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A DNA-Based Archival Storage System
Bornholt, J., Lopez, R., Carmean, D. M., Ceze, L., Seelig, G., & Strauss, K. (2016) · ACM SIGPLAN Notices · doi:10.1145/2954679.2872397 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
2D Sequence‐Coded Oligourethane Barcodes for Plastic Materials Labeling
Karamessini, D., Poyer, S., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2017) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201700426 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
MS-DECODER: Milliseconds Sequencing of Coded Polymers
Burel, A., Carapito, C., Lutz, J., & Charles, L. (2017) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01737 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Charles, L., Cavallo, G., Monnier, V., Oswald, L., Szweda, R., & Lutz, J. (2016) · Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1007/s13361-016-1543-5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Driessen, F., Prez, F. D., & Espeel, P. (2015) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00231 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationTailored Modification of Thioacrylates in a Versatile, Sequence‐Defined Procedure
Holloway, J. O., Aksakal, S., Prez, F. D., & Becer, C. R. (2017) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.201700500 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Biniossek, M. L., & Schilling, O. (2012) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201100569 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Amalian, J., Poyer, S., Petit, B. É., Telitel, S., Monnier, V., Karamessini, D., Gigmès, D., Lutz, J., & Charles, L. (2017) · International Journal of Mass Spectrometry · doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2017.07.006 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Rebooting the Molecular Computer
Peplow, M. (2016) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.6b00376 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Optimal ATRP‐Made Soluble Polymer Supports for Phosphoramidite Chemistry
Oswald, L., Ouahabi, A. A., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2016) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.201504619 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zhang, H., Hua, D., Huang, C., Samal, S. K., Xiong, R., Sauvage, F., Braeckmans, K., Remaut, K., & Smedt, S. C. D. (2020) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201905486 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Hierarchical Nanomaterials Assembled from Peptoids and Other Sequence-Defined Synthetic Polymers.
Li, Z.-L., Cai, B., Yang, W., & Chen, C.-L. (2021) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00024 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Aksakal, R., Mertens, C., Soete, M., Badi, N., & Prez, F. D. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202004038 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Geared Toward Applications: A Perspective on Functional Sequence-Controlled Polymers
Yang, C., Wu, K., Deng, Y., Yuan, J., & Niu, J. (2021) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00855 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Binary tree-inspired digital dendrimer
Huang, Z., Shi, Q., Guo, J., Meng, F., Zhang, Y., Lu, Y., Qian, Z., Li, X., Zhou, N., Zhang, Z., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09957-6 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Bhubalan, K., Tamothran, A. M., Kee, S. H., Foong, S. Y., Lam, S. S., Ganeson, K., Vigneswari, S., Amirul, A.-A., & Ramakrishna, S. (2022) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113631 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Aerolysin nanopores decode digital information stored in tailored macromolecular analytes
Cao, C., Krapp, L. F., Al Ouahabi, A., König, N. F., Cirauqui, N., Radenovic, A., Lutz, J.-F., & Peraro, M. D. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc2661 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lee, J. M., Koo, M. B., Lee, S. W., Lee, H., Kwon, J.-H., Shim, Y. H., Kim, S. Y., & Kim, K. T. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13952-2 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hao, Y., Li, Q., Fan, C., & Wang, F. (2021) · Small Structures · doi:10.1002/sstr.202000046 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Song, B., Lu, D. L., Qin, A., & Tang, B. Z. (2021) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.1c10612 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Shi, Q., Yin, H., Song, R., Xu, J., Tan, J., Zhou, X. G., Cen, J., Deng, Z., Tong, H., Cui, C., et al. (2022) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-022-01076-y · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Mass spectrometry as a tool to advance polymer science
Bruycker, K. D., Welle, A., Hirth, S., Blanksby, S. J., & Barner‐Kowollik, C. (2020) · Nature Reviews Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41570-020-0168-1 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Song, L.-F., Deng, Z.-H., Gong, Z.-Y., Li, L.-L., & Li, B.-Z. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2021.689797 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Multicomponent molecular memory
Arcadia, C. E., Kennedy, E., Geiser, J. D., Dombroski, A., Oakley, K., Chen, S., Sprague, L. W., Ozmen, M., Sello, J. K., Weber, P. M., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14455-1 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Photo-editable macromolecular information
König, N. F., Ouahabi, A. A., Oswald, L., Szweda, R., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-11566-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Opportunities, Challenges, and Pitfalls in Making, Characterizing, and Understanding Polymer Brushes
Pester, C. W., Klok, H., & Benetti, E. M. (2023) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01292 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Engineering precise sequence-defined polymers for advanced functions
Shi, Q., Deng, Z., Hou, M., Hu, X., & Liu, S. (2023) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101677 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
From Sequence‐Defined Macromolecules to Macromolecular Pin Codes
Holloway, J. O., Lijsebetten, F. V., Badi, N., Houck, H. A., & Prez, F. D. (2020) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.201903698 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Semiautomated synthesis of sequence-defined polymers for information storage
Lee, J. M., Kwon, J.-H., Lee, S. J., Jang, H., Kim, D., Song, J., & Kim, K. T. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl8614 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
High-Capacity Digital Polymers: Storing Images in Single Molecules
Laurent, E., Amalian, J., Parmentier, M., Oswald, L., Ouahabi, A. A., Dufour, F., Launay, K., Jean-Louis, C., Gigmès, D., Delsuc, M., et al. (2020) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00666 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Scalable Synthesis of Positively Charged Sequence-Defined Functional Polymers
Zhao, B., Gao, Z., Zheng, Y., & Gao, C. (2019) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.9b00172 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Porphyrin cage compounds based on glycoluril – from enzyme mimics to functional molecular machines
Elemans, J. A. A. W., & Nolte, R. J. M. (2019) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c9cc04372a · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Design of Abiological Digital Poly(phosphodiester)s
Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2021) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00038 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Iron‐Catalysed Radical Polymerisation by Living Bacteria
Bennett, M. R., Gurnani, P., Hill, P. J., Alexander, C., & Rawson, F. J. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201915084 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Lutz, J. (2020) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00938 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Information-Based Plastic Material Tracking for Circular Economy—A Review
Rumetshofer, T., & Fischer, J. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym15071623 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Zheng, L. L., Li, J. Z., Wen, M., Xi, D., Zhu, Y., Wei, Q. L., Zhang, X., Ke, G., Xia, F., & Gao, Z. F. (2023) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adf5868 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Sequence- and stereo-defined macromolecules: Properties and emerging functionalities
Szweda, R. (2023) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2023.101737 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Digital synthetic polymers for information storage
Yu, L., Chen, B., Li, Z., Huang, Q., He, K., Su, Y., Han, Z., Zhou, Y., Zhu, X., Yan, D., et al. (2023) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d2cs01022d · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The future of sequence-defined polymers
Lutz, J. (2023) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112465 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dahlhauser, S. D., Wight, C. D., Moor, S. R., Scanga, R. A., Ngo, P. H. T., York, J. T., Vera, M. S., Blake, K. J., Riddington, I. M., Reuther, J. F., et al. (2022) · ACS Central Science · doi:10.1021/acscentsci.2c00460 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Ling, Y., Liu, J., Dong, Y. C., Chen, Y., Chen, J., Yu, X., Liang, B., Zhang, X., An, W. Z., Wang, D., et al. (2023) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202303641 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Learning from Peptides to Access Functional Precision Polymer Sequences
Maron, E., Swisher, J. H., Haven, J. J., Meyer, T. Y., Junkers, T., & Börner, H. G. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201902217 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Liu, B., Shi, Q., Hu, L., Huang, Z., Zhu, X., & Zhang, Z. (2020) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9py01939a · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Stereocontrolled, multi-functional sequence-defined oligomers through automated synthesis
Mertens, C., Soete, M., Ślęczkowski, M. L., Palmans, A. R. A., Meijer, E. W., Badi, N., & Prez, F. D. (2020) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d0py00645a · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Reading Information Stored in Synthetic Macromolecules
Soete, M., Mertens, C., Badi, N., & Prez, F. D. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c10316 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Precision Sequence‐Defined Polymers: From Sequencing to Biological Functions
Shi, Q., Zhang, Z., & Liu, S. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202313370 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Mondal, P., Behera, P. K., & Singha, N. K. (2020) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101343 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Direct comparison of solution and solid phase synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules
Holloway, J. O., Wetzel, K. S., Martens, S., Prez, F. D., & Meier, M. A. R. (2019) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9py00558g · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationKonrad, W., Fengler, C., Putwa, S., & Barner‐Kowollik, C. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201901933 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of “N-Coded” Oligo- and Poly(N-Substituted Urethanes)
Mondal, T., Greff, V., Petit, B. É., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2019) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00446 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dual sequence definition increases the data storage capacity of sequence-defined macromolecules
Wetzel, K. S., Frölich, M., Solleder, S. C., Nickisch, R., Treu, P., & Meier, M. A. R. (2020) · Communications Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s42004-020-0308-z · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Damage and Repair in Informational Poly( N ‐substituted urethane)s
Mondal, T., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202008864 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Efficient molecular encoding in multifunctional self-immolative urethanes
Dahlhauser, S. D., Moor, S. R., Vera, M. S., York, J. T., Ngo, P., Boley, A. J., Coronado, J. N., Simpson, Z. B., & Anslyn, E. V. (2021) · Cell Reports Physical Science · doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100393 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Discrete multifunctional sequence-defined oligomers with controlled chirality
Li, J., Leclercq, M., Fossepré, M., Surin, M., Glinel, K., Jonas, A. M., & Fernandes, A. E. (2020) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d0py00537a · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sequence-Encoded Macromolecules with Increased Data Storage Capacity through a Thiol-Epoxy Reaction
Soete, M., Mertens, C., Aksakal, R., Badi, N., & Prez, F. D. (2021) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00275 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Deconstructing Oligomer Distributions: Discrete Species and Artificial Distributions
Neve, J. D., Haven, J. J., Harrisson, S., & Junkers, T. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201906842 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Molecular access to multi-dimensionally encoded information
Steinkoenig, J., Aksakal, R., & Prez, F. D. (2019) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109260 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ouchi, M. (2020) · Polymer Journal · doi:10.1038/s41428-020-00405-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Rewritable Macromolecular Data Storage with Automated Read‐out
Soete, M., Bruycker, K. D., & Prez, F. D. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202116718 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Template-based copying in chemically fuelled dynamic combinatorial libraries
Kriebisch, C. M. E., Burger, L., Zozulia, O., Stasi, M., Floroni, A., Braun, D., Gerland, U., & Boekhoven, J. (2024) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-024-01570-5 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dendritic Quaternary‐Encoded Oligourethanes for Data Encryption
Shi, Q., Zhou, X. G., Xu, J., Zhang, J., Wang, N., Zhang, G., Hu, J., & Liu, S. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202214695 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Encoding information in synthetic metabolomes
Kennedy, E., Arcadia, C. E., Geiser, J. D., Weber, P. M., Rose, C., Rubenstein, B. M., & Rosenstein, J. K. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217364 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Easily Functionalized and Readable Sequence-Defined Polytriazoles
Zhang, X., Gou, F., Wang, X., Wang, Y., & Ding, S. (2021) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00145 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Preservation and Encryption in DNA Digital Data Storage
Zhang, Y., Ren, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, H., & Liu, K. (2022) · ChemPlusChem · doi:10.1002/cplu.202200183 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Scalable Synthesis of Sequence‐Defined Oligomers via Photoflow Chemistry
Walle, M. V. D., Bruycker, K. D., Junkers, T., Blinco, J. P., & Barner‐Kowollik, C. (2019) · ChemPhotoChem · doi:10.1002/cptc.201900031 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Challenges and Potential Solutions for 100% Recycling of Medical Textiles
Das, S. K., Chinnappan, A., Jayathilaka, W. A. D. M., Gosh, R., Baskar, C., & Ramakrishna, S. (2021) · Materials Circular Economy · doi:10.1007/s42824-021-00023-5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Storing the portrait of Antoine de Lavoisier in a single macromolecule
Laurent, E., Amalian, J., Schutz, T., Launay, K., Jean-Louis, C., Gigmès, D., Burel, A., Carapito, C., Charles, L., Delsuc, M., et al. (2021) · Comptes Rendus Chimie · doi:10.5802/crchim.72 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Amalian, J., Cavallo, G., Ouahabi, A. A., Lutz, J., & Charles, L. (2019) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00813 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
About the Crystallization of Abiotic Coded Matter
Petit, B. É., Lotz, B., & Lutz, J. (2019) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00307 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Launay, K., Amalian, J., Laurent, E., Oswald, L., Ouahabi, A. A., Burel, A., Dufour, F., Carapito, C., Jean-Louis, C., Lutz, J., et al. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202010171 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Synthesis of macrocyclic and medium-sized ring thiolactones via the ring expansion of lactams
Palate, K. Y., Epton, R. G., Whitwood, A. C., Lynam, J. M., & Unsworth, W. P. (2021) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d0ob02502j · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sequence-Defined Mikto-Arm Star-Shaped Macromolecules
Reith, M. A., Franceschi, I. D., Soete, M., Badi, N., Aksakal, R., & Prez, F. D. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c00145 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sequencing of Uniform Multifunctional Oligoesters via Random Chain Cleavages
Soete, M., & Prez, F. D. (2022) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202202819 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
One-pot approach for multi-step, iterative synthesis of sequence-defined oligocarbamates
Cwynar, P., Pasikowski, P., & Szweda, R. (2022) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111706 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Design of Microstructure-Engineered Polymers for Energy and Environmental Conservation
Xue, Y., Cao, M., Chen, C., & Zhong, M. (2023) · JACS Au · doi:10.1021/jacsau.3c00081 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Monomer‐scale design of functional protein polymers using consensus repeat sequences
Chang, M. P., Huang, W., & Mai, D. J. (2021) · Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/pol.20210506 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Reading mixtures of uniform sequence-defined macromolecules to increase data storage capacity
Frölich, M., Hofheinz, D., & Meier, M. A. R. (2020) · Communications Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s42004-020-00431-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Amalian, J., Mondal, T., Konishcheva, E. V., Cavallo, G., Petit, B. É., Lutz, J., & Charles, L. (2021) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202001088 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Label-Free Quantification of Digital Nanorods Assembled from Discrete Oligourethane Amphiphiles
Shi, Q., Song, C., Chen, M., Xu, J., Zheng, S., Tan, J., Zhang, J., Wang, N., Hu, J., & Liu, S. (2023) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.3c07577 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sequence-Controlled Metallopolymers: Synthesis and Properties
Zhang, H., Zhou, Z., Chen, X., Yu, B., Luo, Z., Li, X., Rahman, M. A., & Sha, Y. (2021) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01436 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Luyer, S. L., Guégan, P., & Illy, N. (2022) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00431 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Nondestructive Sequencing of Enantiopure Oligoesters by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Lee, J. M., Jang, H., Lee, S. W., & Kim, K. T. (2022) · JACS Au · doi:10.1021/jacsau.2c00388 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Uniform soluble support for the large-scale synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules
Franceschi, I. D., Mertens, C., Badi, N., & Prez, F. D. (2022) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d2py00883a · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The challenges of controlling polymer synthesis at the molecular and macromolecular level
Hakobyan, K., Xu, J., & Müllner, M. (2022) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d1py01581h · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sandhiya, R., & Ramakrishna, S. (2020) · Materials Circular Economy · doi:10.1007/s42824-020-00013-z · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ahn, S.-H., & Grate, J. W. (2019) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06067 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Maes, L., Roquero, D. M., Pitet, L. M., Adriaensens, P., & Junkers, T. (2020) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9py01853k · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Molecular data storage with zero synthetic effort and simple read-out
Bohn, P., Weisel, M. P., Wolfs, J., & Meier, M. A. R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18108-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Precision polymers: advances in synthesis, structural engineering, and functional optimization
Gan, Z., Liu, J., Xu, Z., Jia, S., & Dong, X. (2025) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.102030 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Covalent Attachment and Detachment by Reactive DESI of Sequence‐Coded Polymer Taggants
Youssef, I., Sergent, I., Konishcheva, E. V., Kebe, S. I., Greff, V., Karamessini, D., Matloubi, M., Ouahabi, A. A., Moesslein, J., Amalian, J., et al. (2022) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.202200412 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Macromolecular Information Transfer
Samokhvalova, S., & Lutz, J. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.202300014 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Nanopore Deciphering Single Digital Polymers Towards High‐Density Data Storage
Hu, Z., Liu, Y., Xin, K., Yu, R., Zhang, L., & Ying, Y. (2023) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202203919 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Fabrication and Decryption of a Microarray of Digital Dithiosuccinimide Oligomers
Shi, Q., Miao, T., Liu, Y., Hu, L., Yang, H., Shen, H., Piao, M., Huang, Z., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Macromolecular Rapid Communications · doi:10.1002/marc.202200029 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Iron‐Catalysed Radical Polymerisation by Living Bacteria
Bennett, M. R., Gurnani, P., Hill, P. J., Alexander, C., & Rawson, F. J. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201915084 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Elucidation of the properties of discrete oligo(meth)acrylates
Haven, J. J., Neve, J. D., Villavicencio, A. C., & Junkers, T. (2019) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c9py01494b · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sequence-defined polymers for biomedical applications
Jäck, N., Nagel, S., & Hartmann, L. (2025) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2025.101993 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Isotope Ratio Encoding of Sequence-Defined Oligomers
Zwillinger, M., Fischer, L., Sályi, G., Szabó, S., Csékei, M., Huc, I., & Kotschy, A. (2022) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/jacs.2c08135 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Systematic Order-Made Synthesis of Sequence-Defined Polyurethanes with Length, Types, and Topologies
Yamauchi, H., Inayama, S., Nakabayashi, M., & Hayashi, S. (2023) · ACS Macro Letters · doi:10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00469 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Digital Polymers Based on Cyclic Monomers
Ren, X., Ding, H., Li, S., & Zhang, K. (2024) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02405 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Synthetic Polymers with Finely Regulated Monomer Sequences: Properties and Emerging Applications
Laurent, E., Szweda, R., & Lutz, J. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527815562.mme0041 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Engineering DNA Materials for Sustainable Data Storage Using a DNA Movable-Type System
Gong, Z.-Y., Song, L., Pei, G., Dong, Y.-F., Li, B., & Yuan, Y. (2023) · Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.023 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Szatko, M., Forysiak, W., Kozub, S., Andruniów, T., & Szweda, R. (2024) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00456 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Alternating copolymerization of bio-based N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone and epoxides
Illy, N., Puchelle, V., Luyer, S. L., & Guégan, P. (2021) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110490 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Towards next-generation DNA encryption via an expanded genetic system
Huang, X., Hou, Z., Qiang, W., Wang, H., Wang, X., Chen, X., Hu, X., Dai, J., Li, L., & Zhao, G. (2024) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwae469 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Misztalewska‐Turkowicz, I., Coutelier, O., & Destarac, M. (2020) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01779 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Analysis of DNA Retrieval for DNA Storage Applications
Minhas‐Khan, A., Ghafar-Zadeh, M., Shaffaf, T., Forouhi, S., Scimè, A., Magierowski, S., & Ghafar‐Zadeh, E. (2021) · Actuators · doi:10.3390/act10100246 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Deconstructing Oligomer Distributions: Discrete Species and Artificial Distributions
Neve, J. D., Haven, J. J., Harrisson, S., & Junkers, T. (2019) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.201906842 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Using precision polymer chemistry for plastics traceability and governance
Johnson, H. N., Chambers, L. C., Holloway, J. O., Bousgas, A., Akhtar‐Khavari, A., Blinco, J. P., & Barner‐Kowollik, C. (2022) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d2py01180h · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Synthesis and sequencing of informational poly(amino phosphodiester)s
Roszak, I., Oswald, L., Ouahabi, A. A., Bertin, A., Laurent, E., Félix, O., Sergent, I., Charles, L., & Lutz, J. (2021) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d1py01052b · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Martens, S., Landuyt, A., Espeel, P., Devreese, B., Dawyndt, P., & Du Prez, F.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2018-10-26
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4451-4451
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6203848
- OpenAlex
- W2897696420
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 27
- FWCI
- 9.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (EOS-project 30650939)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Advanced Polymer Synthesis and Characterization
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Supramolecular Chemistry and Complexes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chemical Synthesis and Analysis
- Keywords
- oligomers, QR codes, text encoding, protecting group-free synthesis, tandem mass spectrometry, data reconstruction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
