Carbon neutrality: Toward a sustainable future
Open accessAbstract
Carbon neutrality refers to net-zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions attained by balancing the emission of CO2 with its removal so as to stop its increase in the atmosphere that causes global warming. As of February 2021, 124 countries had pledged to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 or 2060. This is a remarkable development reached after the annual United Nations Conference of the Parties of 1995, in particular those of Kyoto (1997), Bonn (2001), Bali (2007), and Paris (2015), with progressively more concrete binding commitments to emission reduction by the parties (countries).
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From pre-industrialization around 1850 until 2022, the global average atmospheric CO2 concentration increased substantially from 285 to 419 ppm.
“From pre-industrialization, around 1850, until 2022, the global average atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration increased substantially from 285 to 419 ppm (Chen 2021; CO2 Daily 2022).”
From Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review (2022) · cites this paper as Chen 2021
As of February 2021, 124 countries worldwide have declared their intention to become carbon neutral and achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 or 2060.
“As of February 2021, 124 countries worldwide have declared their intention to become carbon neutral and achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 or 2060 (Chen 2021).”
From Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review (2022) · cites this paper as Chen 2021
Achieving carbon neutrality will help decrease global warming and resolve the world's energy dilemma while also having good ecological impacts such as improved air quality, more sustainable landscapes, and ecological restoration.
“Simultaneously, achieving carbon neutrality will help decrease global warming and resolve the world’s energy dilemma while also having good ecological impacts such as improved air quality, more sustainable landscapes, and ecological restoration (Chen 2021).”
From Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review (2022) · cites this paper as Chen 2021
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A Chronology of Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes
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IPCC says limiting global warming to 1.5 °C will require drastic action
Tollefson, J. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-018-06876-2 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
When will oil, natural gas, and coal peak?
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Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C may still be possible
Tollefson, J. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22627 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality
Wang, F., Harindintwali, J. D., Yuan, Z., Wang, M., Wang, F., Li, S., Yin, Z., Huang, L., Fu, Y., Li, L., et al. (2021) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100180 · Cited by 1,330 · see citing works
Self-citationStrategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review
Chen, L., Msigwa, G., Yang, M., Osman, A. I., Fawzy, S., Rooney, D. W., & Yap, P.-S. (2022) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-022-01435-8 · Cited by 1,326 · see citing works
Sun, J., Wang, Y., Lee, T. M., Nie, X., Wang, T., Liang, E., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, J., Piao, S., et al. (2024) · Communications Earth & Environment · doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01330-w · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Contribution of periphytic biofilm of paddy soils to carbon dioxide fixation and methane emissions
Wang, S., Sun, P., Zhang, G., Gray, N., Dolfing, J., Esquivel-Elizondo, S., Peñuelas, J., & Wu, Y. (2022) · The Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100192 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Road logistics decarbonization challenges
Neagoe, M., Hvolby, H.-H., Turner, P., Steger-Jensen, K., & Svensson, C. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.139979 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Carbon negative biofuels: a step ahead of carbon neutrality
Sharma, T., Chauhan, P. S., Patel, M., Singh, A., Kaur, M., Chauhan, G., Rana, B. B., Kumar, N., & Walia, A. (2025) · Biofuels · doi:10.1080/17597269.2025.2450156 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Fujian Normal University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Jing M.
- ORCID
- Chen, Jing M.
- Venue
- The Innovation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 100127
- ISSN
- 2666-6758 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8454731
- OpenAlex
- W3166462578
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 85 · 2021: 21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Innovation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Sustainable Development
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- carbon neutrality, net-zero emissions, CO2 emissions, global warming, climate change mitigation, UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, emission reduction commitments, sustainable development
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