GnRH signaling, the gonadotrope and endocrine control of fertility

Bliss, Stuart P.; Navratil, Amy M.; Xie, Jianjun; Roberson, Mark S.

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.04.002

Cited by 260Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesReproductive Biology and FertilitySperm and Testicular Function

GnRH signaling, the gonadotrope and endocrine control of fertility

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Bliss, Stuart P., Navratil, Amy M., Xie, Jianjun, Roberson, Mark S.·2010·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.04.002PMC PMC2923852

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Abstract

Mammalian reproductive cycles are controlled by an intricate interplay between the hypothalamus, pituitary and gonads. Central to the function of this axis is the ability of the pituitary gonadotrope to appropriately respond to stimulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This review focuses on the role of cell signaling and in particular, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activities regulated by GnRH that are necessary for normal fertility. Recently, new mouse models making use of conditional gene deletion have shed new light on the relationships between GnRH signaling and fertility in both male and female mice. Within the reproductive axis, GnRH signaling is initiated through discrete membrane compartments in which the receptor resides leading to the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs 1/2). As defined by gonadotrope-derived cellular models, the ERKs appear to play a central role in the regulation of a cohort of immediate early genes that regulate the expression of late genes that, in part, define the differentiated character of the gonadotrope. Recent data would suggest that in vivo, conditional, pituitary-specific disruption of ERK signaling by GnRH leads to a gender-specific perturbation of fertility. Double ERK knockout in the anterior pituitary leads to female infertility due to LH biosynthesis deficiency and a failure in ovulation. In contrast, male mice are modestly LH deficient; however, this does not have an appreciable impact on fertility.

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The resultant phenotype of pituitary-specific ERKdko was female-specific anovulatory infertility due to loss of LH β subunit expression resulting in inability to mount a preovulatory surge of LH.
“The resultant phenotype was female-specific anovulatory infertility due to a loss of luteinizing hormone (LH) β subunit expression resulting in an inability to mount a preovulatory surge of LH.”
From Conditional loss of ERK1 and ERK2 results in abnormal placentation and delayed parturition in the mouse (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
In past studies, a pituitary-specific conditional ERK double knockout (ERKdko) was reported using ERK1 null and ERK2 floxed alleles combined with αGSU-Cre and GRIC drivers.
“In past studies, we reported a pituitary-specific conditional ERK double knockout (ERKdko) using the ERK1 null and ERK2 floxed alleles combined with a Cre recombinase driver regulated by the gene promoter for the α subunit to the glycoprotein hormones (αGSU)3,4 and the gonadotrope-specific Cre driver (GRIC)12,13.”
From Conditional loss of ERK1 and ERK2 results in abnormal placentation and delayed parturition in the mouse (2019) · cites this paper as [4]

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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency regulates expression of pituitary follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid: a mechanism for differential gonadotrope function
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Functional Characterization of Genetically Labeled Gonadotropes
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In SituHybridization Histochemistry for Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Encoding Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Effect of Estrogen on Cellular Levels of GnRH mRNA in Female Rat Brain
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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Frequency-Dependent Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathways in Perifused LβT2 Cells
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Estradiol Requirements for Induction and Maintenance of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Surge: Implications for Neuroendocrine Processing of the Estradiol Signal
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Kallmann’s Syndrome: A Comparison of the Reproductive Phenotypes in Men Carrying KAL1 and FGFR1/KAL2 Mutations
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Phosphorylation of Nuclear Phospholipase C β1 by Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Mediates the Mitogenic Action of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
Xu, A., Suh, P., Marmy-Conus, N., Pearson, R. B., Oh, Y., Cocco, L., & Gilmour, R. S. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.21.9.2981-2990.2001 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Perifusion of rat pituitary cells with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, activin, and inhibin reveals distinct effects on gonadotropin gene expression and secretion
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Delayed Puberty and Hypogonadism Caused by Mutations in the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone beta-Subunit Gene
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Divergent Signaling Pathways Requiring Discrete Calcium Signals Mediate Concurrent Activation of Two Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases by Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone
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Early Growth Response Protein 1 Binds to the Luteinizing Hormone-β Promoter and Mediates Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Gene Expression
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Muscle proteins related to microtubule associated protein-2 are substrates for an insulin-stimulatable kinase
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Phospholipase C-β1 Directly Accelerates GTP Hydrolysis by Gαq and Acceleration Is Inhibited by Gβγ Subunits
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Enhancer-mediated high level expression of mouse pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit transgene in thyrotropes, gonadotropes, and developing pituitary gland
Kendall, S. K., Gordon, D. F., Birkmeier, T. S., Petrey, D. S., Sarapura, V. D., O’Shea, K. S., Wood, W. M., Lloyd, R. V., Ridgway, E. C., & Camper, S. A. (1994) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.8.10.7531821 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Failure of Normal Leydig Cell Development in Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Receptor-Deficient Mice, But Not FSHβ-Deficient Mice: Role for Constitutive FSH Receptor Activity
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Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulses Are Required to Maintain Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Role in Stimulation of Gonadotrope Gene Expression1
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Pulse Sensitivity of the Luteinizing Hormone β Promoter Is Determined by a Negative Feedback Loop Involving Early Growth Response-1 and Ngfi-A Binding Protein 1 and 2
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Androgen Receptor-lmmunoreactive Cells in Ram Hypothalamus: Distribution and Co-Localization Patterns with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Somatostatin and Tyrosine Hydroxylase
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ERK Signaling in the Pituitary Is Required for Female But Not Male Fertility
Bliss, S. P., Miller, A., Navratil, A. M., Xie, J., McDonough, S. P., Fisher, P. J., Landreth, G. E., & Roberson, M. S. (2009) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2009-0030 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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Estrogen-Induced Hypothalamic Synaptic Plasticity and Pituitary Sensitization in the Control of the Estrogen-Induced Gonadotrophin Surge
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Activator Protein-1 and Smad Proteins Synergistically Regulate Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone β-Promoter Activity
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Kallmann syndrome: fibroblast growth factor signaling insufficiency?
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Regulation of Gq/11α by the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor
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Homologous Regulation of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Gene Is Partially Mediated by Protein Kinase C Activation of an Activator Protein-1 Element
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Identification of N-glycosylation sites in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor: role in receptor expression but not ligand binding
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The Rat Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Internalizes via a β-Arrestin-Independent, but Dynamin-Dependent, Pathway: Addition of a Carboxyl-Terminal Tail Confers β-Arrestin Dependency
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The Calcium Component of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Luteinizing Hormone Subunit Gene Transcription Is Mediated by Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II
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Activation of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by GnRH is cell-context dependent
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The Functional Microdomain in Transmembrane Helices 2 and 7 Regulates Expression, Activation, and Coupling Pathways of the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor
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Desensitization of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Action in αT3-1 Cells Due to Uncoupling of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Generation and Ca2+ Mobilization
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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G Protein‐Coupled Receptors
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GnRH pulse frequency-dependent differential regulation of LH and FSH gene expression
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Social Opportunity Causes Rapid Transcriptional Changes in the Social Behaviour Network of the Brain in an African Cichlid Fish
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Endocrine-Disrupting Air Pollutants and Their Effects on the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis
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Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone Inhibits GnRH-Induced Gonadotropin Subunit Gene Transcriptions by Inhibiting AC/cAMP/PKA-Dependent ERK Pathway in LβT2 Cells
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Phthalates (PAEs) and reproductive toxicity: Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis aspects
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Molecular Mechanisms of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Signaling: Integrating Cyclic Nucleotides into the Network
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A single nucleotide polymorphism-derived regulatory gene network underlying puberty in 2 tropical breeds of beef cattle1
Fortes, M. R. S., Reverter, A., Nagaraj, S. H., Zhang, Y., Jonsson, N. N., Barris, W., Lehnert, S. A., Boe-Hansen, G. B., & Hawken, R. (2011) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2010-3681 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
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Effects of pyrethroid insecticides on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: A reproductive health perspective
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Heat stress response of somatic cells in the testis
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Fernald, R. D. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150520 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
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High Fat Diet Affects Reproductive Functions in Female Diet‐Induced Obese and Dietary Resistant Rats
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Fortes, M. R. S., Snelling, W. M., Reverter, A., Nagaraj, S. H., Lehnert, S. A., Hawken, R., DeAtley, K. L., PETERS, S. O., Silver, G. A., Rincón, G., et al. (2012) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4601 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
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Wang, Q., Shen, J., Zhang, R., Hong, J., Li, Z., Ding, Z., Wang, H.-X., Zhang, J., Zhang, M., & Xu, L. (2020) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2020.152460 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
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Meta-Analysis of Heifer Traits Identified Reproductive Pathways in Bos indicus Cattle
Tahir, M. S., Neto, L. R. P., Gondro, C., Olasege, B. S., Wockner, K., Tan, W. L. A., Smith, H. R., Gouveia, G. C., Kour, J., & Fortes, M. R. S. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12050768 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
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Luteinizing Hormone Regulates Testosterone Production, Leydig Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Circadian Rhythm During Spermatogenesis
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Genomic regions associated with fertility traits in male and female cattle: Advances from microsatellites to high-density chips and beyond
Fortes, M. R. S., DeAtley, K. L., Lehnert, S. A., Burns, B. M., Reverter, A., Hawken, R., Boe-Hansen, G. B., Moore, S. S., & Thomas, M. (2013) · Animal Reproduction Science · doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.07.002 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Structure of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor GnRH1R reveals an unusual ligand binding mode
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Differentially Expressed miRNAs after GnRH Treatment and Their Potential Roles in FSH Regulation in Porcine Anterior Pituitary Cell
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A mathematical model of the human menstrual cycle for the administration of GnRH analogues
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Neuroendocrine control of photoperiodic changes in immune function
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Recent advancements in the hormonal stimulation of ovulation in swine
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Pharmacogenetics of follicle-stimulating hormone action
Laan, M., Grigorova, M., & Huhtaniemi, I. T. (2012) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e3283534b11 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Association of exosomal microRNAs in human ovarian follicular fluid with oocyte quality
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Authors: Bliss, S. P., Navratil, A. M., Xie, J., & Roberson, M. S.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author: Roberson, Mark S.
ORCID: Roberson, Mark S.
Venue: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-07
Volume: 31
Issue: 3
Pages: 322-340
ISSN: 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.04.002
PMC: PMC2923852
OpenAlex: W1981942998
Cited by: 259
References: 321
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 2.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD34722, R01HD034722)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords: gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GnRH signaling, fertility, mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK1/2, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, ovulation, female infertility, male fertility, conditional gene deletion, immediate early genes
MeSH terms: Animals, Endocrine System, Female, Fertility, Gonads, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Male, Models, Biological, Signal Transduction, Mice, Gonadotrophs

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GnRH signaling, the gonadotrope and endocrine control of fertility

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